External ear canal pressure regulation system

ABSTRACT

An external ear canal pressure regulation device including a fluid flow generator and an earpiece having a first axial earpiece conduit fluidicly coupled to the fluid flow generator, whereby the earpiece has a compliant earpiece external surface configured to sealably engage an external ear canal as a barrier between an external ear canal pressure and an ambient pressure.

This United States Patent Application is a continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 14/702,428, filed May 1, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No.9,186,277, issued Nov. 17, 2015, which is a continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 14/316,668, filed Jun. 26, 2014, now U.S. Pat. No.9,039,639, issued May 26, 2015, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S.Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 14/292,469, filed May 30,2014, and claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.61/983,865, filed Apr. 24, 2014, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.61/863,317, filed Aug. 7, 2013, and U.S. Provisional Patent ApplicationNo. 61/841,111, filed Jun. 28, 2013, each hereby incorporated byreference herein.

I. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Pain or discomfort associated with a disorder, includingneurologically-mediated disorders such as craniofacial pain syndromes orheadache syndromes, may negatively impact the quality of life of thesufferer. In addition to the burden upon the individual, chronicneurological conditions may be a significant strain upon family members,employers, and the healthcare system.

Regarding migraine headaches, concomitant symptoms such as pain, nausea,aura, photophobia, dysesthesias, dizziness, vertigo, and dysequilibriummay represent a significant burden to the population. Epidemiologicalstudies indicate that, in the United States, approximately 18% of womenand 6% of men experience frequent migraine headaches and 2% of thegeneral population suffer from chronic migraine headaches. Additionally,persons suffering with chronic migraine headaches or other headaches ofsimilar severity and disability may be at a significantly greater riskfor depression and attempted suicide. Thus, it is prudent for cliniciansand researchers to continue searching for effective devices and methodsto alleviate the symptoms associated with these disorders or to treatthe disorders.

Standard pharmaceutical therapies for migraine headaches may generallybe prescribed to prevent pain or to relieve pain. The various agentswhich fall under these two broad categories may exhibit a wide range ofeffectiveness and also incur varying degrees of side effects. From theperspective of economics, the expense of these medications may be amajor source of financial burden on the consumer. Moreover, advancedinterventions such as botulinum toxin injections, nerve blockades,neurosurgical alterations, and implanted electrical stimulators maysignificantly increase costs associated with treatment, while subjectingpatients to potential changes in their anatomy and physiology, with noguarantee of complete or permanent symptomatic relief or disorderresolution.

There is a burgeoning field of understanding and applications within theneurosciences which seek to affect positive physiological changes in thenervous system through non-pharmaceutical and non-surgical applications.This field of ‘functional neurology’ views the human nervous system as areceptor driven system, which may be activated and stimulated inspecific ways to produce adaptive, long-term changes through the processof neuroplasticity. This approach to neurorehabilitation utilizes, butnot necessarily exclusively includes, various forms and patterns ofreceptor activation or deactivation to promote positiveneurophysiological adaptations within the central nervous system,including the brain, brainstem, and spinal cord, which may promotephysiological function of associated tissues, organs, and systems.

There would be a substantial advantage in providing a device or methodswhich can generate one or more stimuli which can alleviate one or moresymptoms associated with a disorder, such as craniofacial pain syndromesor headache syndromes, or treat one or more disorders.

II. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A broad object of particular embodiments of the invention can be toprovide an external ear canal pressure regulation device including afluid flow generator capable of generating a fluid flow and an earpiecehaving an axial earpiece conduit which communicates between an earpiecefirst end and an earpiece second end, the axial earpiece conduitfluidicly coupled to the fluid flow generator, the earpiece having acomplaint earpiece external surface configured to sealably engage anexternal ear canal of an ear as a barrier between an external ear canalpressure and an ambient pressure.

Another broad object of particular embodiments of the invention can beto provide an external ear canal pressure regulation device having thefluid flow generator capable of generating a pressure differentialbetween the external ear canal and the ambient pressure.

Another broad object of particular embodiments of the invention can beto provide an external ear canal pressure regulation device having thefluid flow generator capable of generating a pressure differentialamplitude oscillation which reciprocally drives the fluid flow between afluid flow first direction and a fluid flow second direction in theaxial earpiece conduit.

Another broad object of particular embodiments of the invention can beto provide an external ear canal pressure regulation device including afluid flow temperature regulator fluidicly coupled between the fluidflow generator and the axial earpiece conduit, the fluid flowtemperature regulator operable to regulate a fluid flow temperature ofthe fluid flow.

Another broad object of particular embodiments of the invention can beto provide an external ear canal pressure regulation device including afluid flow generator capable of generating a fluid flow and a pluralityof earpieces, each having an axial earpiece conduit which communicatesbetween an earpiece first end and an earpiece second end, each axialearpiece conduit fluidicly coupled to the fluid flow generator, eachearpiece having a complaint earpiece external surface configured tosealably engage an external ear canal of an ear as a barrier between anexternal ear canal pressure and an ambient pressure.

Another broad object of particular embodiments of the invention can beto provide an external ear canal pressure regulation device including aplurality of fluid flow generators capable of generating a correspondingplurality of fluid flows and a plurality of earpieces, each having anaxial earpiece conduit which communicates between an earpiece first endand an earpiece second end, each axial earpiece conduit fluidiclycoupled to a fluid flow generator, each earpiece having a complaintearpiece external surface configured to sealably engage an external earcanal of an ear as a barrier between an external ear canal pressure andan ambient pressure.

Another broad object of particular embodiments of the invention can beto provide an external ear canal pressure regulation device including amemory element and a processor in communication with the memory element,the memory element containing a computer code executable to regulateoperation of one or more fluid flow generators.

Another broad object of particular embodiments of the invention can beto provide an external ear canal pressure regulation device havingcomputer code executable to provide a transceiver controller whichcommunicates with a transceiver capable of wireless connection with acontroller device discrete from the external ear canal pressureregulation device.

Naturally, further objects of the invention are disclosed throughoutother areas of the specification, drawings, and claims.

III. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an illustration of a method of using a particular embodimentof the external ear canal pressure regulation device.

FIG. 2 is an illustration of a method of using a particular embodimentof the external ear canal pressure regulation device.

FIG. 3 is an illustration of a method of using a particular embodimentof the external ear canal pressure regulation device.

FIG. 4 is an illustration of a particular embodiment of an external earcanal pressure regulation device sealably engaged with the external earcanal.

FIG. 5A is an illustration of a particular embodiment of an external earcanal pressure regulation device sealably engaged with a first externalear canal.

FIG. 5B is an illustration of a particular embodiment of an external earcanal pressure regulation device sealably engaged with a second externalear canal.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a particular embodiment of an externalear canal pressure regulation device.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a particular embodiment of an externalear canal pressure regulation device.

FIG. 8 is a schematic block diagram of the particular embodiment of anexternal ear canal pressure regulation device shown in FIG. 7 operableto achieve a pressure differential between an external ear canalpressure and an ambient pressure.

FIG. 9A is a first interior plan view of a particular embodiment of anexternal ear canal pressure regulation device.

FIG. 9B is a second interior plan view of the particular embodiment ofthe external ear canal pressure regulation device shown in FIG. 9A.

FIG. 10 is an enlarged perspective interior view of the particularembodiment of the external ear canal pressure regulation device shown inFIG. 9B.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a particular embodiment of an earpieceof an external ear canal pressure regulation device.

FIG. 12 is a first side view of a particular embodiment of an earpieceof an external ear canal pressure regulation device.

FIG. 13 is a second side view of a particular embodiment of an earpieceof an external ear canal pressure regulation device.

FIG. 14 is a top view of a particular embodiment of an earpiece of anexternal ear canal pressure regulation device.

FIG. 15 is a bottom view of a particular embodiment of an earpiece of anexternal ear canal pressure regulation device.

FIG. 16 is a first end view of a particular embodiment of an earpiece ofan external ear canal pressure regulation device.

FIG. 17 is a second end view of a particular embodiment of an earpieceof an external ear canal pressure regulation device.

FIG. 18 is a cross section view 18-18 shown in FIG. 13 of a particularearpiece of an external ear canal pressure regulation device.

FIG. 19 is a perspective view of a particular embodiment of an earpieceof an external ear canal pressure regulation device.

FIG. 20 is an exploded view of the particular embodiment of the earpieceof the external ear canal pressure regulation device shown in FIG. 18.

FIG. 21 is a first side view of a particular embodiment of an earpieceof an external ear canal pressure regulation device.

FIG. 22 is a second side view of a particular embodiment of an earpieceof an external ear canal pressure regulation device.

FIG. 23 is a top view of a particular embodiment of an earpiece of anexternal ear canal pressure regulation device.

FIG. 24 is a bottom view of a particular embodiment of an earpiece of anexternal ear canal pressure regulation device.

FIG. 25 is a first end view of a particular embodiment of an earpiece ofan external ear canal pressure regulation device.

FIG. 26 is a second end view of a particular embodiment of an earpieceof an external ear canal pressure regulation device.

FIG. 27 is a perspective view of a particular embodiment of an externalear canal pressure regulation device.

FIG. 28 is a schematic block diagram of the particular embodiment of anexternal ear canal pressure regulation device shown in FIG. 27 operableto achieve a pressure differential between an external ear canalpressure and an ambient pressure.

FIG. 29A is a first interior plan view of a particular embodiment of anexternal ear canal pressure regulation device.

FIG. 29B is a second interior plan view of the particular embodiment ofthe external ear canal pressure regulation device shown in FIG. 29A.

FIG. 30 is a top view of a particular embodiment of an external earcanal pressure regulation device.

FIG. 31 is a bottom view of a particular embodiment of an external earcanal pressure regulation device.

FIG. 32 is a first side view of a particular embodiment of an externalear canal pressure regulation device.

FIG. 33 is a second side view of a particular embodiment of an externalear canal pressure regulation device.

FIG. 34 is a first end view of a particular embodiment of an externalear canal pressure regulation device.

FIG. 35 is a second end view of a particular embodiment of an externalear canal pressure regulation device.

FIG. 36A is an illustration of a particular embodiment of a graphicaluser interface depicted on the display surface of a computer device anda method of using the graphical user interface to control operation ofembodiments of the external ear canal pressure regulation device.

FIG. 36B is an illustration of a particular embodiment of the graphicaluser interface depicted on the display surface of a computer device anda method of using the graphical user interface to control operation ofembodiments of the external ear canal pressure regulation device.

FIG. 37A is a positive pressure regulation profile which can begenerated by a particular embodiment of an external ear canal pressureregulation device.

FIG. 37B is a positive pressure regulation profile which can begenerated by a particular embodiment of an external ear canal pressureregulation device.

FIG. 37C is a positive pressure regulation profile which can begenerated by a particular embodiment of an external ear canal pressureregulation device.

FIG. 37D is a positive pressure regulation profile which can begenerated by a particular embodiment of an external ear canal pressureregulation device.

FIG. 37E is a positive pressure regulation profile which can begenerated by a particular embodiment of an external ear canal pressureregulation device.

FIG. 37F is a positive pressure regulation profile which can begenerated by a particular embodiment of an external ear canal pressureregulation device.

FIG. 37G is a positive pressure regulation profile which can begenerated by a particular embodiment of an external ear canal pressureregulation device.

FIG. 38A is a negative pressure regulation profile which can begenerated by a particular embodiment of an external ear canal pressureregulation device.

FIG. 38B is a negative pressure regulation profile which can begenerated by a particular embodiment of an external ear canal pressureregulation device.

FIG. 38C is a negative pressure regulation profile which can begenerated by a particular embodiment of an external ear canal pressureregulation device.

FIG. 38D is a negative pressure regulation profile which can begenerated by a particular embodiment of an external ear canal pressureregulation device.

FIG. 38E is a negative pressure regulation profile which can begenerated by a particular embodiment of an external ear canal pressureregulation device.

FIG. 38F is a negative pressure regulation profile which can begenerated by a particular embodiment of an external ear canal pressureregulation device.

FIG. 38G is a negative pressure regulation profile which can begenerated by a particular embodiment of an external ear canal pressureregulation device.

FIG. 39A is a pressure regulation profile which can be generated by aparticular embodiment of an external ear canal pressure regulationdevice.

FIG. 39B is a pressure regulation profile which can be generated by aparticular embodiment of an external ear canal pressure regulationdevice.

FIG. 39C is a pressure regulation profile which can be generated by aparticular embodiment of an external ear canal pressure regulationdevice.

FIG. 39D is a pressure regulation profile which can be generated by aparticular embodiment of an external ear canal pressure regulationdevice.

FIG. 39E is a pressure regulation profile which can be generated by aparticular embodiment of an external ear canal pressure regulationdevice.

FIG. 40 is a valve position schedule for the particular embodiment ofthe invention shown in FIG. 28.

IV. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Now referring primarily to FIG. 1, FIG. 4, FIG. 5A, and FIG. 8, whichillustrate a particular method of using an external ear canal pressureregulation device (1) including a first fluid flow generator (2) and afirst earpiece (3) having a first axial earpiece conduit (4) fluidiclycoupled to the first fluid flow generator (2). A particular method ofuse can include sealably engaging a first external ear canal (5) of afirst ear (6) with a first earpiece external surface (7) of the firstearpiece (3), generating a first fluid flow (8) between the first fluidflow generator (2) and the first axial earpiece conduit (4), andregulating a first pressure differential (9) between a first externalear canal pressure (10) of a first ear (6) and an ambient pressure (11).The first pressure differential (9) can be effective to alleviate one ormore disorder symptoms or to treat one or more disorders.

Now referring primarily to FIG. 2, FIG. 5A, FIG. 5B, and FIG. 8, whichillustrate a particular method of using an external ear canal pressureregulation device (1) including a first fluid flow generator (2), afirst earpiece (3), and a second earpiece (12), each of the first andsecond earpieces (3)(12) having corresponding first and second axialearpiece conduits (4)(13) fluidicly coupled to the first fluid flowgenerator (2). The method of use can include sealably engaging a firstexternal ear canal (5) of a first ear (6) with a first earpiece externalsurface (7) of the first earpiece (3), sealably engaging a secondexternal ear canal (14) of a second ear (15) with a second earpieceexternal surface (16) of the second earpiece (12), generating a firstfluid flow (8) between the first fluid flow generator (2) and the firstand second axial earpiece conduits (4)(13), regulating a first pressuredifferential (9) between a first external ear canal pressure (10) of thefirst ear (6) and an ambient pressure (11), and regulating a secondpressure differential (17) between a second external ear canal pressure(18) of the second ear (15) and an ambient pressure (11) effective toalleviate one or more disorder symptoms or treat one or more disorders.

Now referring primarily to FIG. 3, FIG. 5A, FIG. 5B, and FIG. 28, whichillustrate a particular method of using an external ear canal pressureregulation device (1) including a first fluid flow generator (2), afirst earpiece (3) having a first axial earpiece conduit (4) fluidiclycoupled to the first fluid flow generator (2), a second fluid flowgenerator (19), and a second earpiece (12) having a second axialearpiece conduit (13) fluidicly coupled to the second fluid flowgenerator (19). The method of use can include sealably engaging a firstexternal ear canal (5) of a first ear (6) with a first earpiece externalsurface (7) of the first earpiece (3), sealably engaging a secondexternal ear canal (14) of the second ear (15) with a second earpieceexternal surface (16) of the second earpiece (12), generating a firstfluid flow (8) between the first fluid flow generator (2) and the firstaxial earpiece conduit (4), regulating a first pressure differential (9)between a first external ear canal pressure (10) of the first ear (6)and an ambient pressure (11), generating a second fluid flow (20)between the second fluid flow generator (19) and the second axialearpiece conduit (13), and regulating a second pressure differential(17) between a second external ear canal pressure (8) of the second ear(15) and the ambient pressure (11) effective to alleviate one or moredisorder symptoms or treat one or more disorders.

The term “pressure differential” for the purposes of this inventionmeans the difference in pressure between two locations.

The term “pressure differential amplitude” for the purposes of thisinvention means the numerical value of the difference in pressurebetween two locations. The pressure differential amplitude can beexpressed as a number without a sign (positive or negative), regardlessof whether the pressure is lesser or greater in the first locationrelative to the second location. As an illustrative example, a first orsecond external ear canal pressure (10)(18) of +50 kilopascals above theambient pressure (11) and a first or second external ear canal pressure(10)(18) of −50 kilopascals below the ambient pressure (11) can bothhave a first or second pressure differential amplitude (9)(17) of 50kilopascals.

The term “external ear canal pressure” for the purposes of thisinvention means forces exerted within the first or second external earcanal (5)(14) and, without limitation to the breadth of the foregoing,means forces exerted within the first or second external ear canal(5)(14) by a fluid volume (21), a pre-selected fluid volume (22) of afirst or second fluid flow (8)(20) delivered to or generated in thefirst or second external ear canal (5)(14) by operation of the externalear canal pressure regulation device (1).

The term “pre-selected” for the purposes of this invention means aparameter which has been prior selected for delivery to, generation in,or administration to the first or second external ear canal (5)(14) byinteraction with the external ear canal pressure regulation device (1)and subsequently delivered to, generated in, or administered to a firstor second external ear canal (5)(14) by operation of the external earcanal pressure regulation device (1). For example, a pre-selected fluidvolume (22) of 10 milliliters can be prior selected for delivery to thefirst or second external ear canal (5)(14) by interaction with theexternal ear canal pressure regulation device (1) and subsequently, afluid volume (21) of 10 milliliters can be delivered to the first orsecond external ear canal (5)(14) by operation of the external ear canalpressure regulation device (1).

The term “ambient pressure” for the purposes of this invention meansforces exerted external to the first or second external ear canal(5)(14) in the ambient environment and, without limitation to thebreadth of the foregoing, means forces exerted on a first or secondearpiece (3)(12) on the ambient side of the corresponding first orsecond barrier (102)(103) created by having the corresponding first orsecond earpiece external surface (7)(16) sealably engaged with thecorresponding first or second external ear canal (5)(14), as hereindescribed.

The term “sealably engaged” for the purposes of this invention means aseal between an earpiece external surface and an external ear canalcapable of maintaining a pressure differential, a pressure differentialamplitude, or pre-selected pressure differential amplitude over a timeperiod or a pre-selected time period, or pressure regulation profileeffective to alleviate one or more disorder symptoms or treat one ormore disorders.

The term “symptom” for the purposes of this invention means anydiscomfort or combination of discomforts associated with a disorder.Without limiting the breadth of the foregoing, symptoms can include:dizziness; vertigo; nausea; imbalance; paresthesia; dysesthesia;sensitivity to light; sensitivity to odor; sensitivity to sound;anxiety; sleeplessness; irritability; fatigue; loss of appetite; blurredvision; gut disturbances; acute pain or chronic pain of varyingcharacteristics including but not limited to throbbing, tearing, sharp,dull, deep, lancinating, burning, aching, stabbing, intense,lightning-like, sense of swelling, or tingling; or the like; orcombinations thereof.

The term “disorder” for the purposes of this invention means a physicalor mental condition which may not be normal or healthy. Without limitingthe breadth of the foregoing, a disorder can include: neuropathiccraniofacial pain syndromes such as neuralgias, for example trigeminalneuralgia; temporomandibular joint syndrome; headache syndromes such asmigraine headaches, chronic daily headaches, cluster headaches, muscletension headaches, post-traumatic headaches, or chronic paroxysmalhemicranias; endolymphatic hydrops; vertigo; tinnitus; syndromesresulting from brain injury; syndromes resulting from impairedneurologic function, including cognitive disorders such as attentiondeficit disorder, emotional disorders such as anxiety disorders, orseizure disorders; phantom limb; middle ear disorders; inner eardisorders; or the like, or combinations thereof.

Now referring primarily to FIG. 8, FIG. 9A, FIG. 9B, FIG. 28, FIG. 29A,and FIG. 29B, particular embodiments of the external ear canal pressureregulation device (1) can include a first fluid flow generator (2),which can have any of a numerous and wide variety of configurationscapable of generating a first fluid flow (8) between the first fluidflow generator (2) and a first axial earpiece conduit (4) of a firstearpiece (3). As to particular embodiments, the first fluid flowgenerator (2) can include a volumetrically adjustable element (23)capable of operation between a greater volume and a lesser volume. As anillustrative example, operating the volumetrically adjustable element(23) from a greater volume to a lesser volume can generate a first fluidflow (8) away from the first fluid flow generator (2) whereas operatingthe volumetrically adjustable element (23) from a lesser volume to agreater volume can generate a first fluid flow (8) toward the firstfluid flow generator (2).

As to particular embodiments, the first fluid flow generator (2) caninclude a positive displacement pump (24), which can be configured as arotary positive displacement pump, such as a gear pump, a screw pump, ora rotary vane pump; a reciprocating positive displacement pump, such asa plunger pump, a diaphragm pump, or a piston pump; or any pumpconfiguration capable of moving a fluid volume (21) or generating afirst fluid flow (8) between the first fluid flow generator (2) and thefirst axial earpiece conduit (4). As an illustrative example, a positivedisplacement pump (24) which may be useful in particular embodiments ofthe external ear canal pressure regulation device (1) may be the SP 100EC or the SP 100 EC-LC, which can be obtained from Schwarzer PrecisionGmbH+Co., Am Lichtbogen 7, 45141 Essen, Germany. As an illustrativeexample, an axial earpiece conduit (4)(13) which may be useful inparticular embodiments of the external ear canal pressure regulationdevice (1) to fluidicly couple to a positive displace pump (24) may bemulti-lumen micro-extruded tubing, such multi-lumen micro-extrudedtubing which can be obtained from Microspec Corporation, 327 JaffreyRoad, Peterborough, N.H., 03458, USA.

Now referring primarily to FIG. 8, FIG. 9A, and FIG. 9B, the first fluidflow generator (2) can be configured as a piston pump (25) in which apiston (26) reciprocally operates in a barrel (27) to adjust a barrelinternal volume (28) between a greater volume and a lesser volume. As anillustrative example, the piston (26) can operate to decrease a barrelinternal volume (28), thereby generating a first fluid flow (8) awayfrom the first fluid flow generator (2) toward the first axial earpiececonduit (4). As to particular embodiments having the first earpieceexternal surface (7) sealably engaged with the first external ear canal(5) (as shown in the illustrative examples of FIG. 4 and FIG. 5A), thefirst fluid flow (8) can egress from the first axial earpiece conduit(4) toward the first external ear canal (5), which can generate a firstexternal ear canal pressure (10) greater than the ambient pressure (11).Conversely, the piston (26) can operate to increase the barrel internalvolume (28), thereby generating a first fluid flow (8) from the firstaxial earpiece conduit (4) toward the first fluid flow generator (2). Asto particular embodiments having the first earpiece external surface (7)sealably engaged with the first external ear canal (5), the first fluidflow (8) can ingress to the first axial earpiece conduit (4) from thefirst external ear canal (5), which can generate a first external earcanal pressure (10) lesser than the ambient pressure (11).

Now referring primarily to FIG. 8 and FIG. 9B, as to particularembodiments, the piston (26) can be operatively coupled to an actuator(29), which can function to move the piston (26) within the barrel (27)to generate a first fluid flow (8) between the first fluid flowgenerator (2) and the first axial earpiece conduit (4). As to particularembodiments, the actuator (29) can be configured as a linear actuator(30), including a mechanical actuator, a hydraulic actuator, a pneumaticactuator, a piezoelectric actuator, an electro-mechanical actuator, alinear motor, a telescoping linear actuator, or any linear actuatorconfiguration capable of generating linear motion. As an illustrativeexample, a linear actuator (30) which may be useful in particularembodiments of the external ear canal pressure regulation device (1) maybe the miniature linear actuator AS-03, which can be obtained fromLunematic. As to particular embodiments, the linear actuator (30) can beconfigured as threaded shaft which upon rotation moves linearly. Thelinear actuator (30) can be disposed adjacent the barrel (27) of thefirst fluid flow generator (2). The linear motion of the threaded shaftcan be coupled to the motion of the piston (26) of the first fluid flowgenerator (2) by a connector (32), whereby linear motion of the threadedshaft causes linear motion of the piston (26) within the barrel (27) toadjust the barrel internal volume (28), generating a first fluid flow(8) between the first fluid flow generator (2) and the first axialearpiece conduit (4).

As to other particular embodiments, the first fluid flow generator (2)can be configured as a diaphragm pump, which can include a diaphragmhaving a resiliently flexible wall bounding a chamber volume. Theresiliently flexible wall in a deformed condition can decrease thechamber volume, thereby generating a first fluid flow (8) away from thefirst fluid flow generator (2) toward the first axial earpiece conduit(4). As to particular embodiments having the first earpiece externalsurface (7) sealably engaged with the first external ear canal (5), thefirst fluid flow (8) can egress from the first axial earpiece conduit(4) toward the first external ear canal (5), which can generate a firstexternal ear canal pressure (10) greater than the ambient pressure (11).Conversely, the resiliently flexible wall can return toward anon-deformed condition from the deformed condition, increasing thechamber volume and thereby generating a first fluid flow (8) toward thefirst fluid flow generator (2) from the first axial earpiece conduit(4). As to particular embodiments having the first earpiece externalsurface (7) sealably engaged with the first external ear canal (5), thefirst fluid flow (8) can ingress to the first axial earpiece conduit (4)from the first external ear canal (5), which can generate a firstexternal ear canal pressure (10) lesser than the ambient pressure (11).

As to particular embodiments, the diaphragm can be a piezoelectricdiaphragm, having a resiliently flexible wall which vibrates upon theapplication of a sine wave voltage. The vibrations can generate a firstfluid flow (8), with the first fluid flow (8) having flow rates of up to0.8 liters per minute and typical amounts of pressure up to 1.5kilopascals capable of being achieved by a 15 Vp-p 25 kHz signal. Thepiezoelectric diaphragm can be operated above the normal audible rangeby a 24-25 kHz signal.

Now referring primarily to FIG. 4 and FIG. 5A, the first fluid flowgenerator (2) can be configured to generate a first fluid flow (8)between the first fluid flow generator (2) and the first axial earpiececonduit (4) having fluid volume (21) typically in a range of between 0milliliters to about 20 milliliters; however, embodiments can have alesser or greater fluid volume (21) depending upon the application. Asto particular embodiments, the fluid volume (21), or a pre-selectedfluid volume (22), can selected from one or more of the group includingor consisting of: between 0 milliliters to about 2 milliliters, betweenabout 1 milliliter to about 3 milliliters, between about 2 millilitersto about 4 milliliters, between about 3 milliliters to about 5milliliters, between about 4 milliliters to about 6 milliliters, betweenabout 5 milliliters to about 7 milliliters, between about 6 millilitersto about 8 milliliters, between about 7 milliliters to about 9milliliters, between about 8 milliliters to about 10 milliliters,between about 9 milliliters to about 11 milliliters, between about 10milliliters to about 12 milliliters, between about 11 milliliters toabout 13 milliliters, between about 12 milliliters to about 14milliliters, between about 13 milliliters to about 15 milliliters,between about 14 milliliters to about 16 milliliters, between about 15milliliters to about 17 milliliters, between about 16 milliliters toabout 18 milliliters, between about 17 milliliters to about 19milliliters, and between about 18 milliliters to about 20 milliliters.

One or a plurality fluid volumes (21) (or pre-selected fluid volumes(22)) can be generated with the external ear canal pressure regulationdevice (1) depending upon the method of use, which can be furtherinfluenced by factors such as user (33) anatomy, physiology, orbiochemistry of an auditory meatus (34); disorder symptom targeted foralleviation; disorder targeted for treatment; observable effect(s) ofusing one or a plurality of fluid volumes (21) (or pre-selected fluidvolumes (22)) in a particular method of using the external ear canalpressure regulation device (1); or the like; or combinations thereof;whereby the one or the plurality of fluid volumes (21) (or pre-selectedfluid volumes (22)) can administered effective to alleviate one or moredisorder symptoms or treat one or more disorders, but not so much as tocause discomfort to the user (33) or injury to the auditory meatus (34)or a tympanic membrane (35).

Again referring primarily to FIG. 4 and FIG. 5A, the first fluid flowgenerator (2) can be capable of generating a first pressure differential(9) between the first external ear canal pressure (10) and the ambientpressure (11). As to particular embodiments, the external ear canalpressure regulation device (1) can be operated to achieve a firstexternal ear canal pressure (10) which can be lesser or greater than theambient pressure (11). The effective range of the first external earcanal pressure (10) can be from just above or below the ambient pressure(11) increasing to a first external ear canal pressure (10), above orbelow the ambient pressure (11), just short of causing discomfort to theuser (33) or injury to the auditory meatus (34) or the tympanic membrane(35). While authorities vary on the first external ear canal pressure(10) that may result in discomfort to a user (33) or injury to theauditory meatus (34) or the tympanic membrane (35), typicallyembodiments of the external ear canal pressure regulation device (1)would not be configured to operate in excess of about −50 kilopascalsbelow the ambient pressure (11) or about +50 kilopascals above theambient pressure (11).

Accordingly, the first fluid flow generator (2) can be capable ofgenerating a first pressure differential (9) having a first pressuredifferential amplitude (36) in a range of between 0 kilopascals to about50 kilopascals; however, embodiments can generate a lesser or greaterfirst pressure differential amplitude (36) depending upon theapplication. As to particular embodiments, the first pressuredifferential amplitude (36), or a first pre-selected pressuredifferential amplitude (37), can be selected from one or more of thegroup including of consisting of: between 0 kilopascals to about 5kilopascals, between about 2.5 kilopascals to about 7.5 kilopascals,between about 5 kilopascals to about 10 kilopascals, between about 7.5kilopascals to about 12.5 kilopascals, between about 10 kilopascals toabout 15 kilopascals, between about 12.5 kilopascals to about 17.5kilopascals, between about 15 kilopascals to about 20 kilopascals,between about 17.5 kilopascals to about 22.5 kilopascals, between about20 kilopascals to about 25 kilopascals, between about 22.5 kilopascalsto about 27.5 kilopascals, between about 25 kilopascals to about 30kilopascals, between about 27.5 kilopascals to about 32.5 kilopascals,between about 30 kilopascals to about 35 kilopascals, between about 32.5kilopascals to about 37.5 kilopascals, between about 35 kilopascals toabout 40 kilopascals, between about 37.5 kilopascals to about 42.5kilopascals, between about 40 kilopascals to about 45 kilopascals,between about 42.5 kilopascals to about 47.5 kilopascals, and betweenabout 45 kilopascals to about 50 kilopascals.

One or a plurality of first pressure differential amplitudes (36) (orfirst pre-selected pressure differential amplitudes (37)) can begenerated with the external ear canal pressure regulation device (1)depending upon the method of use, which can be further influenced byfactors such as user (33) anatomy, physiology, or biochemistry of theauditory meatus (34); disorder symptom targeted for alleviation;disorder targeted for treatment; observable effect(s) of using one ormore first pressure differential amplitudes (36) (or first pre-selectedpressure differential amplitudes (37)) in a particular method of usingthe external ear external canal pressure regulation device (1); or thelike; or combinations thereof; whereby the one or the plurality of firstpressure differential amplitudes (36) (or first pre-selected pressuredifferential amplitudes (37)) can be administered effective to alleviateone or more disorder symptoms or treat one or more disorders, but not somuch as to cause discomfort to the user (33) or injury to the auditorymeatus (34) or a tympanic membrane (35).

As to particular embodiments, the first fluid pressure differential (9)generated by the first fluid flow generator (2) can be capable of movinga tympanic membrane (35), which lies across the first external ear canal(5) to separate the first external ear canal (5) from a middle ear (38),effective to alleviate one or more disorder symptoms or treat one ormore disorders. The tympanic membrane (35) comprises three layers,including an intermediate layer (lamina propria) which is disposedbetween an external epidermal layer and an internal mucosal layer. Theintermediate layer includes modified mechanioreceptive vaterpaciniancorpuscles (“mechanoreceptors”), which can be sensitive to deformationor stretch of the tympanic membrane (35). As such, thesemechanoreceptors can function as baroreceptors and transmit afferentsignals to the central nervous system associated with inward (“towardthe middle ear”) or outward (“away from the middle ear”) movement of thetympanic membrane (35).

The mechanoreceptors can transmit the afferent signals to theauriculotemporal nerve via A-β pseudounipolar fibers, which subsequentlymerges with the mandibular nerve. The mandibular nerve converges withthe maxillary nerve and the ophthalmic nerve to form the trigeminalganglion, where the cell bodies of the primary afferentpressure-conveying fibers reside. The afferent fibers are conveyedthrough the sensory root of the trigeminal nerve to the ventrolateralaspect of the midbelly of the pons. In this way, the trigeminal nervecan transmit sensory signals including nociceptive signals (“painsignals”) from the cranium and face to the central nervous system. Theafferent fibers then enter the brainstem and synapse on various parts ofthe trigeminal nuclear system, including the deep lamina of theTrigeminal Nucleus Caudalis, where the afferent fibers can induceGABAergic interneurons to hyperpolarize nociceptive fibers andinterneurons in the superficial laminae to block nociceptivetransmission.

The first or second pressure differentials (9)(17) between thecorresponding first or second external ear canal pressures (10)(18) andthe ambient pressure (11) generated by the first fluid flow generator(2) can induce an anti-nociceptive barrage of mechanoreceptor-derivedneural impulses such that the various related nuclei of the brainstempain matrix can become attenuated and resume normal, steady-stateactivity. Also, parasympathetically-induced intracranial vasodilationcan cease, restoring resting vascular flow and tone within the cranialvasculature, a portion of which can be associated with the trigeminalnerve and trigeminal nerve fibers as part of the trigeminal system. Inaddition to modulating vascular dynamics, biochemical alterations can beinduced, such as a down-regulation of inflammatory cytokines or otherpain-promoting compounds within or around the cranial vascular beds,whereby the vascular normalization can lead to further quiescence oftrigeminal nociceptive afferentation which can culminate in thealleviation of one or more disorder symptoms or treatment of one or moredisorders

Now referring primarily to FIG. 4 and FIG. 5A, as to particularembodiments of the external ear canal pressure regulation device (1),the first fluid flow (8) in the first external ear canal (5) of thefirst ear (6) can generate a first external ear canal pressure (10)greater than ambient pressure (11) which causes a corresponding movementof the tympanic membrane (35) toward the middle ear (38), thusincreasing the concavity of the tympanic membrane (35). Similarly, thefirst fluid flow (8) in the first external ear canal (5) of the firstear (6) can generate a first external ear canal pressure (10) lesserthan the ambient pressure (11) which causes corresponding movement ofthe tympanic membrane (35) away from the middle ear (38), thusdecreasing the concavity of the tympanic membrane (35). As to particularembodiments or methods, the first or second pressure differentials(9)(17) generated by the first fluid flow generator (2) can move thetympanic membrane (35) toward or away from the middle ear (38) one or aplurality of times within a time period (39).

Movement of the tympanic membrane (35) can stimulate themechanoreceptors, which can alleviate one or more disorder symptoms ortreat one or more disorders. As an illustrative example, tympanicmembrane (35) movement can generate a nerve signal which can decreasetransmission of a nociceptive signal to the central nervous system,which can result in analgesic stimulation of the central nervous system.As an additional illustrative example, movement of the tympanic membrane(35) can counteract central nervous system habituation.

Now referring primarily to FIG. 8 and FIG. 9B, the external ear canalpressure regulation device (1) can further include a first pressuredifferential amplitude selection element (40) and a first fluid flowgenerator controller (41) responsive to operation of the first pressuredifferential amplitude selection element (40) to regulate operation ofthe first fluid flow generator (2) to achieve a first pre-selectedpressure differential amplitude (37). As an illustrative example, thefirst pressure differential amplitude selection element (40) can beconfigured as a variable resistor (42), such as arheostatically-controlled element (43), which can regulate an electriccurrent by adjusting the resistance of a circuit (current beinginversely proportional to resistance for a particular voltage). As such,the rheostatically-controlled element (43) can be used to adjust anelectric current to control operation of the first fluid flow generator(2)(whether directly by varying current to the fluid flow generator (2)or indirectly by analyzing variation in current within the circuit tocorrespondingly generate a fluid flow generator drive signal (44)) toachieve the pre-selected pressure differential amplitude (37). As toparticular embodiments, the rheostatically-controlled element (43) canbe operated to increase the resistance of the circuit coupled to thefirst fluid flow generator (2), which can decrease the firstpre-selected pressure differential amplitude (37). Conversely, therheostatically-controlled element (43) can be operated to decrease theresistance of the circuit coupled to the first fluid flow generator (2),which can increase the first pre-selected pressure differentialamplitude (37). As to particular embodiments, therheostatically-controlled element (43) can include a linear rheostathaving a linear conductive coil or rotary rheostat having a conductivecoil configured as a torus to reduce volume.

Now referring primarily to FIG. 4, the first fluid flow generator (2)can be capable of generating a first pressure differential amplitudeoscillation (45), which can reciprocally drive the first fluid flow (8)between a first fluid flow first direction (46) and a first fluid flowsecond direction (47) in the first axial earpiece conduit (4). As toparticular embodiments, the first pressure differential amplitudeoscillation (45) can have a first pressure differential amplitudeoscillation frequency (48) in a range of between 0 Hertz to about 10Hertz; however, embodiments can generate a lesser or greater a firstpressure differential amplitude oscillation frequency (48) dependingupon the application. As to particular embodiments, the first pressuredifferential amplitude oscillation frequency (48), or a firstpre-selected pressure differential amplitude oscillation frequency (49),can be selected from one or more of the group including of consistingof: between 0 Hertz to about 1 Hertz, between about 0.5 Hertz to about1.5 Hertz, between about 1 Hertz to about 2 Hertz, between about 1.5Hertz to about 2.5 Hertz, between about 2 Hertz to about 3 Hertz,between about 2.5 Hertz to about 3.5 Hertz, between about 3 Hertz toabout 4 Hertz, between about 3.5 Hertz to about 4.5 Hertz, between about4 Hertz to about 5 Hertz, between about 4.5 Hertz to about 5.5 Hertz,between about 5 Hertz to about 6 Hertz, between about 5.5 Hertz to about6.5 Hertz, between about 6 Hertz to about 7 Hertz, between about 6.5Hertz to about 7.5 Hertz, between about 7 Hertz to about 8 Hertz,between about 7.5 Hertz to about 8.5 Hertz, between about 8 Hertz toabout 9 Hertz, between about 8.5 Hertz to about 9.5 Hertz, and betweenabout 9 Hertz to about 10 Hertz.

One or a plurality of first pressure differential amplitude oscillationfrequencies (48) (or first pre-selected pressure differential amplitudeoscillation frequencies (49)) can be generated with the external earcanal pressure regulation device (1) depending upon the method of use,which can be further influenced by factors such as user (33) anatomy,physiology, or biochemistry of the auditory meatus (34); disordersymptom targeted for alleviation; disorder targeted for treatment;observable effect(s) of using one or more first pressure differentialamplitude oscillation frequencies (48) (or first pre-selected pressuredifferential amplitude oscillation frequencies (49)) in a particularmethod of using the external ear canal pressure regulation device (1);or the like; or combinations thereof; whereby the one or the pluralityof first pressure differential amplitude oscillation frequencies (48)(or first pre-selected pressure differential amplitude oscillationfrequencies (49)) can be administered effective to alleviate one or moredisorder symptoms or treat one or more disorders, but not so much as tocause discomfort to the user (33) or injury to the auditory meatus (34)or a tympanic membrane (35).

Again referring primarily to FIG. 8 and FIG. 9B, the external ear canalpressure regulation device (1) can further include a first pressuredifferential amplitude oscillation frequency selection element (50). Thefirst fluid flow generator controller (41) can be responsive tooperation of the first pressure differential amplitude oscillationfrequency selection element (50) to regulate operation of the firstfluid flow generator (2) to achieve the first pre-selected pressuredifferential amplitude oscillation frequency (49). As an illustrativeexample, the first pressure differential amplitude oscillation frequencyselection element (50) can be configured as a variable resistor (42),such as rheostatically-controlled element (43) which can have a similarconfiguration to the rheostatically-controlled element (43) as describedabove for the first pressure differential amplitude selection element(40). The variation in current in the circuit can be analyzed togenerate a correspondingly varied fluid flow generator drive signal (44)to alter the first pressure differential amplitude oscillation frequency(48) of the first fluid flow (8). Accordingly, as one illustrativeexample, the rheostatically-controlled element (43) can be operated toincrease the resistance of the circuit coupled to the first fluid flowgenerator (2), which can decrease the first pre-selected pressuredifferential amplitude oscillation frequency (49). Conversely, therheostatically-controlled element (43) can be operated to decrease theresistance of the circuit coupled to the first fluid flow generator (2),which can increase the first pre-selected pressure differentialamplitude oscillation frequency (49).

Now referring primarily to FIG. 8, FIG. 9B, FIG. 28, FIG. 29A, and FIG.29B, the external ear canal pressure regulation device (1) can furtherinclude a fluid flow manifold (51) interruptible by operation of one ormore valves (52) to correspondingly alter the configuration of amanifold fluid flow path (54) within the fluid flow manifold (51) toregulate the first fluid flow (8) (or the second fluid flow (20)) withinthe fluid flow manifold (51). As an illustrative example, a valve (52)which may be useful in particular embodiments of the external ear canalpressure regulation device (1) may be a solenoid valve such as Lee'sHigh Density Interface (LHD Series) Solenoid Valves, which can beobtained from The Lee Company, 2 Pettipaug Road, Westbrook, Conn.,06498, USA.

While the figures schematically illustrate particular configurations ofthe fluid flow manifold (51) which correspondingly define particularconfigurations of the manifold fluid flow path (54), these embodimentsneed not be so limited in regard to the configuration of the fluid flowmanifold (51) or the manifold fluid flow path (54) and embodiments caninclude any of a wide variety of numerous configurations which canfluidicly couple the first fluid flow generator (2) with the first axialearpiece conduit (4) (or the second fluid flow generator (19) with thesecond axial earpiece conduit (13)), whether as a plurality of discreteconduits, a one-piece manifold, or defined by a housing (125) whetherformed, molded, three-dimensionally printed, or otherwise fabricated asa one-piece construct or assembled from a plurality of pieces into whichone or more valves (52) can be disposed, assembled, or otherwise coupledto generate a fluid flow manifold (51) interruptible by operation of oneor more valves (52).

A valve (52) can have any type of valve configuration capable ofoperating between a closed condition and an open condition tounidirectionally regulate the first fluid flow (8) or the second fluidflow (20). A valve (52) can operate between the closed condition, whichcan be substantially leak-tight to backward flow and substantiallyleak-tight to forward first fluid flow (8) or second fluid flow (20) onopposed sides of the valve (52), and the open condition, which can havea forward flow in the range of about 0.2 milliliters per second to about10 milliliters per second, with respect to the first fluid flow (8) orthe second fluid flow (20). As to particular embodiments, the pressuredifferential between opposed sides of the valve (52) or the forwardfirst fluid flow (8) or second fluid flow (20) in the open condition ofthe valve (52) can be adjusted by the configuration of the valve (52),the unrestricted cross-sectional area of the manifold fluid flow path(54), or the like, or combinations thereof. Additionally, while examplesof the external ear canal pressure regulation device (1) disclosed cangenerate a first pressure differential amplitude (36) of up to about 50kilopascals in the first external ear canal (5) or a second pressuredifferential amplitude (63) of up to about 50 kilopascals in the secondexternal ear canal (14), these examples are not intended to teach orsuggest that all embodiments of the external ear canal pressureregulation device (1) necessarily achieve this amount of first or secondpressure differential amplitudes (36)(63). Rather, certain embodimentsof the external ear canal pressure regulation device (1) can beconfigured to achieve a lesser or greater first or second pressuredifferential amplitude (36)(63) effective to alleviate one or moredisorder symptoms or treat one or more disorders.

Again referring primarily to FIG. 8, FIG. 9B, FIG. 28, and FIG. 29A, theexternal ear canal pressure regulation device (1) can further include afirst pressure relief valve (55) fluidicly coupled to the first axialearpiece conduit (4). The first pressure relief valve (55) in the opencondition allows the first external ear canal pressure (10) to returntoward the ambient pressure (11), whether from a first external earcanal pressure (10) greater than the ambient pressure (11) or a firstexternal ear canal pressure (10) lesser than the ambient pressure (11).By operating to relieve the first pressure differential (9) when thefirst pressure differential amplitude (36) exceeds a first pre-selectedpressure differential amplitude (37), there can be a reduced risk ofdiscomfort to a user (33) or injury to the auditory meatus (34) or thetympanic membrane (35) when using the external ear canal pressureregulation device (1).

Now referring primarily to FIG. 8 and FIG. 28, the external ear canalpressure regulation device (1) can further include a first pressuresensor (56) which can generate a first pressure sensor signal (57) whichcan vary based upon change in the first pressure differential amplitude(36). As to particular embodiments, a pressure sensor (56) which may beuseful in particular embodiments of the external ear canal pressureregulation device (1) may be an EPB small pressure probe sensor, whichcan be obtained from Measurement Specialties, 45738 Northport Loop West,Fremont, Calif., 94538, USA.

The first pressure sensor signal (57) can be transmitted to a firstpressure sensor signal analyzer (58) including a first pressuredifferential amplitude comparator (59) which functions to compare thefirst pre-selected pressure differential amplitude (37) to the firstpressure differential amplitude (36) actually generated in the firstexternal ear canal (5). As an illustrative example, a user (33) canselect a first pre-selected pressure differential amplitude (37) ofabout 25 kilopascals using the first pressure differential amplitudeselection element ( ), as described above. The first pressuredifferential amplitude comparator (59) can function to compare the firstpre-selected pressure differential amplitude (37) of about 25kilopascals to the first pressure differential amplitude (36) actuallygenerated in the first external ear canal (5). When operation of thefirst fluid flow generator (2) results in a first pressure differentialamplitude (36) in the first external ear canal (5) of about 25kilopascals within a margin of error, operation of the first fluid flowgenerator (2) can be curtailed for so long as the first pre-selectedpressure differential amplitude (37) can be maintained for the selectedtime period (39).

As to particular embodiments, the first pressure sensor signal analyzer(58) can further function to generate a first pressure differentialamplitude compensation signal (60). For example, when operation of thefirst fluid flow generator (2) results in a first pressure differentialamplitude (36) which varies from the first pre-selected pressuredifferential amplitude (37), the first pressure sensor signal analyzer(58) can generate a first pressure differential amplitude compensationsignal (60) to which the first fluid flow generator controller (41) canbe responsive to achieve the first pre-selected pressure differentialamplitude (37). As an illustrative example, a user (33) can select afirst pre-selected pressure differential amplitude (37) of about 25kilopascals using the first pressure differential amplitude selectionelement (40) as described above. Operation of the first fluid flowgenerator (2) can result in a first pressure differential amplitude (36)of about 20 kilopascals within the first external ear canal (5) due, forexample, to improper sealed engagement of the first earpiece externalsurface (7) with the first external ear canal (5). The first pressuredifferential amplitude comparator (59) can function to compare the firstpre-selected pressure differential amplitude (37) of about 25kilopascals to the sensed first pressure differential amplitude (36) ofabout 20 kilopascals. When operation of the first fluid flow generator(2) results in a first pressure differential amplitude (36) which variesfrom the first pre-selected pressure differential amplitude (37), thisinstance of 5 kilopascals, the first pressure sensor signal analyzer(58) can generate a first pressure differential amplitude compensationsignal (60) which correspondingly drives the first fluid flow generator(2) at a rate which increases the sensed first pressure differentialamplitude (36) by about 5 kilopascals to achieve the first pre-selectedpressure differential amplitude (37) of about 25 kilopascals.

Again referring primarily to FIG. 8 and FIG. 28, the first pressuresensor signal analyzer (58) can further include a first pressuredifferential amplitude oscillation frequency comparator (61) which canfunction to compare the first pre-selected pressure differentialamplitude oscillation frequency (49) to the first pressure differentialamplitude oscillation frequency (48) sensed by the first pressure sensor(56) in the first external ear canal (5). As an illustrative example, auser (33) can select a first pre-selected pressure differentialamplitude oscillation frequency (49) of about 5 Hertz using the firstpressure differential amplitude oscillation frequency selection element(50), as described above. The first fluid flow generator controller (2)can be responsive to operation of the first pressure differentialamplitude oscillation frequency selection element (50) to regulateoperation of the first fluid flow generator (2) to generate a firstfluid flow (8) having a first pressure differential amplitudeoscillation frequency (48) of about 5 Hertz. The first pressuredifferential amplitude oscillation frequency comparator (61) canfunction to compare the first pre-selected pressure differentialamplitude oscillation frequency (49) of about 5 Hertz to the firstpressure differential amplitude oscillation frequency (48) of about 5Hertz generated in the first external ear canal (5). When operation ofthe first fluid flow generator (2) results in a first pressuredifferential amplitude oscillation frequency (48) corresponding to thefirst pre-selected pressure differential amplitude oscillation frequency(49) within a margin of error, operation of the first fluid flowgenerator (2) can be continued without compensation for so long as thesensed first pressure differential amplitude oscillation frequency (48)corresponds to the first pre-selected pressure differential amplitudeoscillation frequency (49).

As to particular embodiments, the first pressure sensor signal analyzer(58) can further function to generate a first pressure differentialamplitude oscillation frequency compensation signal (62). For example,if operation of the first fluid flow generator (2) results in a firstpressure differential amplitude oscillation frequency (48) within thefirst external ear canal (5) which varies from the first pre-selectedpressure differential amplitude oscillation frequency (49), the firstpressure sensor signal analyzer (58) can generate a first pressuredifferential amplitude oscillation frequency compensation signal (62) tocontrol the first fluid flow generator (2) to achieve the firstpre-selected pressure differential amplitude oscillation frequency (49).

As an illustrative example, a user (33) can establish a firstpre-selected pressure differential amplitude oscillation frequency (49)of about 5 Hertz using the first pressure differential amplitudeoscillation frequency selection element (50), as described above.Operation of the first fluid flow generator (2) can result in a firstpressure differential amplitude oscillation frequency (48) of about 2.5Hertz within the first external ear canal (5), due, for example, toimproper sealed engagement the first earpiece external surface (7) withthe first external ear canal (5). The first pressure differentialamplitude oscillation frequency comparator (61) can function to comparethe first pre-selected pressure differential amplitude oscillationfrequency (49) of about 5 Hertz to the sensed first pressuredifferential amplitude oscillation frequency (48) of about 2.5 Hertz. Ifoperation of the first fluid flow generator (2) results in a firstpressure differential amplitude oscillation frequency (48) which variesfrom the first pre-selected pressure differential amplitude oscillationfrequency (49), in this instance 2.5 Hertz, the first pressure sensorsignal analyzer (58) generates a first pressure differential amplitudeoscillation frequency compensation signal (62) which drives the firstfluid flow generator (2) to increase the first pressure differentialamplitude oscillation frequency (48) to achieve the first pre-selectedpressure differential amplitude oscillation frequency (49) of about 5Hertz. When operation of the first fluid flow generator (2) results in afirst pressure differential amplitude oscillation frequency (48) whichcorresponds to the first pre-selected pressure differential amplitudeoscillation frequency (49) within a margin of error, operation of thefirst fluid flow generator (2) can be continued without furthergeneration of a first pressure differential amplitude oscillationfrequency compensation signal (62).

Now referring primarily to FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 5B, FIG. 7, FIG. 8, andFIG. 27 through FIG. 29B, the external ear canal pressure regulationdevice (1) can further include a second earpiece (12) having a secondearpiece external surface (16) configured to sealably engage a secondexternal ear canal (14) of a second ear (15) as a barrier between asecond external ear canal pressure (18) and the ambient pressure (11).The second earpiece (12) can include a second axial earpiece conduit(13). The second earpiece (12) can be configured as above described forthe first earpiece (3).

Now referring primarily to FIG. 8 through FIG. 10, the second axialearpiece conduit (13) can be fluidicly coupled in common to the firstfluid flow generator (2). Accordingly, the first fluid flow generator(2) can be capable of generating a second pressure differential (17)between the second external ear canal pressure (18) and the ambientpressure (11) which can have a second pressure differential amplitude(63) and a second pressure differential oscillation frequency (64) whichcan be substantially similar to the first pressure differentialamplitude (36) and the first pressure differential oscillation frequency(48), as above described. Accordingly, operation of the first fluid flowgenerator (2) can generate a first fluid flow (8) between the firstfluid flow generator (2) and the first axial earpiece conduit (4) andbetween the first fluid flow generator (2) and the second axial earpiececonduit (13). As to particular embodiments, the first earpiece externalsurface (7) can be sealably engaged with the first external ear canal(5) and the second earpiece external surface (16) can be sealablyengaged with the second external ear canal (14). The first fluid flowgenerator (2) can operate to generate a first fluid flow (8) whichegresses from the first axial earpiece conduit (4) toward the firstexternal ear canal (5) and from the second axial earpiece conduit (13)toward the second external ear canal (14), thereby generating a firstpressure differential (9) having a first external ear canal pressure(10) greater than the ambient pressure (11) and a second pressuredifferential (17) having a second external ear canal pressure (18)greater than the ambient pressure (11). Similarly, the first fluid flowgenerator (2) can be operable to generate a first fluid flow (8) whichingresses to the first axial earpiece conduit (4) from the firstexternal ear canal (5) and ingresses to the second axial earpiececonduit (13) from the second external ear canal (14), thereby generatinga first pressure differential (9) having a first external ear canalpressure (10) lesser than the ambient pressure (11) and a secondpressure differential (17) having a second external ear canal pressure(18) lesser than the ambient pressure (11).

As to particular embodiments having a first and second axial earpiececonduit (4)(13) fluidicly coupled in common to the first fluid flowgenerator (2), the first fluid flow generator (2) can be capable ofgenerating a second pressure differential amplitude oscillationfrequency (64) substantially similar to the first pressure differentialamplitude oscillation frequency (48), as above described.

Now referring primarily to FIG. 27 through FIG. 35, as to particularembodiments, the external ear canal pressure regulation device (1) caninclude independent first and second fluid flow generators (2)(19)capable of generating discrete first and second fluid flows (8)(20). Thesecond fluid flow generator (19) can be configured and fluidicly coupledto a second axial earpiece conduit (13) of a second earpiece (12) insubstantially similar configuration as above described for first fluidflow generator (1) fluidicly coupled to the first axial earpiece conduit(4). Accordingly, the second fluid flow generator (19) can be capable ofgenerating a corresponding discrete second fluid flow (20) independentlyregulated to generate a second pressure differential (17) having asecond pressure differential amplitude (63) and having a second pressuredifferential amplitude oscillation frequency (64), all of which can havesubstantially similar ranges as for the first fluid flow (8), abovedescribed. Additionally, the second fluid flow generator (19) can beoperatively regulated by a second pressure differential amplitudeselection element (53) and a second pressure differential amplitudeoscillation frequency selection element (54), both of which can be ofsubstantially similar configuration to the corresponding first pressuredifferential amplitude selection element (40) and first pressuredifferential amplitude oscillation frequency selection element (50)which operatively regulate the first fluid flow generator (2), asdescribed above.

As to particular embodiments having a second fluid flow generator (19),the external ear canal pressure regulation device (1) can furtherinclude a second pressure relief valve (66), which can be ofsubstantially similar configuration to the first pressure relief valve(55), above described. The second pressure relief valve (66) can befluidicly coupled to the second axial earpiece conduit (13) to relievethe second pressure differential (17) in excess of a second pre-selectedpressure differential amplitude (67) of between 0 kilopascals to about50 kilopascals.

As to particular embodiments having a second fluid flow generator (19),the external ear canal pressure regulation device (1) can furtherinclude a second pressure sensor (68), which can be of substantiallysimilar configuration to the first pressure sensor (56), abovedescribed. The second pressure sensor (68) can generate a secondpressure sensor signal (69) which can vary based upon change in thesecond external ear canal pressure differential amplitude (63). A secondpressure sensor signal analyzer (70), which can be of substantiallysimilar configuration to the first pressure sensor signal analyzer (58),as above described, can include a second pressure differentialcomparator (71) which functions to compare the second pre-selectedpressure differential amplitude (67) to the sensed second pressuredifferential amplitude (63). The second pressure sensor signal analyzer(70) can generate a second pressure differential amplitude compensationsignal (72), whereby a second fluid flow generator controller (73) canbe responsive to the second pressure differential compensation signal(72) to control the second fluid flow generator (19) to achieve thesecond pre-selected pressure differential amplitude (63).

As to particular embodiments, the first fluid flow generator controller(41) and the second fluid flow generator controller (73) can beresponsive to signals generated by a plurality of selection elements tocontrol the corresponding first fluid flow generator (2) and the secondfluid flow generator (19). As shown in the illustrative examples of FIG.27 and FIG. 28, an external ear canal pressure regulation device (1)having a first fluid flow generator (2) and a second fluid flowgenerator (19) can be configured such that the first fluid flowgenerator controller (41) can be responsive to signals generated by afirst selection element (187) and a second selection element (189) andthe second fluid flow generator controller (73) can be responsive tosignals generated by a third selection element (186) and a fourthselection element (188).

As to particular embodiments, the second pressure sensor signal analyzer(70) can further include a second pressure differential amplitudeoscillation frequency comparator (135) which can function to compare asecond pre-selected pressure differential amplitude oscillationfrequency (180) to the second pressure differential amplitudeoscillation frequency (64). The second pressure sensor signal analyzer(70) can generate a second pressure differential amplitude oscillationfrequency compensation signal (181), whereby the second fluid flowgenerator controller (73) can be responsive to the second pressuredifferential amplitude oscillation frequency compensation signal (181)to control the second fluid flow generator (19) to achieve the secondpre-selected pressure differential amplitude oscillation frequency(180).

Now referring primarily to FIG. 28, the external ear canal pressureregulation device (1) including a first fluid flow generator (2), afirst earpiece (3) having a first axial earpiece conduit (4) fluidiclycoupled to the first fluid flow generator (2) and a second earpiece (12)having a second axial earpiece conduit (13) fluidicly coupled to thesecond fluid flow generator (19) can be operable to generate a firstpressure differential (9) in a first external ear canal (5) and a secondpressure differential (17) in a second external ear canal (14) bygenerating corresponding discrete first and second fluid flows (8)(20),the first fluid flow (8) between the first fluid flow generator (2) andthe first axial earpiece conduit (4) and the second fluid flow (20)between the second fluid flow generator (19) and the second axialearpiece conduit (13).

Now referring primarily to FIG. 28 and FIG. 40, as to particularembodiments of the external ear canal pressure regulation device (1)having the configuration shown in FIG. 27 through FIG. 35, to generate afirst pressure differential (9) and a second pressure differential (17),valves V1, V2, V3L, V3R, V4, and V5 can be in the open condition andvalves V6, 1L, and 1R can be in the closed condition. As to otherparticular embodiments, to only generate a first pressure differential(9) in the first external ear canal (5), valves V1, V3L, and V4 can bein the open condition and valves V2, V3R, V5, V6, 1L, and 1R can be inthe closed condition. As to other particular embodiments, to onlygenerate a second ear canal pressure differential (17) in the secondexternal ear canal (14), valves V2, V3R, and V5 can be in the opencondition and valves V1, V3L, V4, V6, 1L, and 1R can be in the closedcondition.

As to particular embodiments having a first fluid flow generator (2) anda second fluid flow generator (19), each of the first and second fluidflow generators (2)(19) can include a corresponding first and secondpair of fluid flow generators (74)(75) correspondingly fluidicly coupledto the first and second axial earpiece conduits (4)(13). Each of thefirst and second pair of fluid flow generators (74)(75) can include onepositive pressure fluid flow generator (76) and one negative pressurefluid flow generator (77). The positive pressure fluid flow generators(76) can generate first and second fluid flows (8)(20) which egress fromthe corresponding first and second axial earpiece conduits (4)(13)toward the corresponding first and second external ear canals (5)(14).Accordingly, the first and second fluid flows (8)(20) can flow into thecorresponding first and second external ear canals (5)(14), generatingcorresponding first and second pressure differentials (9)(17) wherebythe corresponding first and second external ear canal pressures (10)(18)can be greater than the ambient pressure (11). The negative pressurefluid flow generators (77) can generate first and second fluid flows(8)(20) which ingress to the corresponding first and second axialearpiece conduits (4)(13) from the corresponding first and secondexternal ear canals (5)(14). Accordingly, the first and second fluidflows (8)(19) can flow away from the corresponding first and secondexternal ear canals (5)(14), generating corresponding first and secondpressure differentials (9)(17) whereby the corresponding first andsecond external ear canal pressures (10)(18) can be lesser than theambient pressure (11).

Now referring primarily to FIG. 8 and FIG. 9B, as to particularembodiments, a fluid flow temperature regulator (78) can be fluidiclycoupled to the first fluid flow generator (2). The fluid flowtemperature regulator (78) can be operated to generate a first fluidflow (8) or a second fluid flow (19) having a fluid flow temperature(79) greater than a body temperature (80). The first fluid flow (8)having a fluid flow temperature (79) greater than a body temperature(80) can flow through the first axial earpiece conduit (4) or the secondaxial earpiece conduit (13), egressing from the first axial earpiececonduit (4) or the second axial earpiece conduit (13) toward thecorresponding first or second external ear canal (5)(14). Accordingly,the first fluid flow (8) having a fluid flow temperature (79) greaterthan a body temperature (80) can flow into the first external ear canal(5) or the second external ear canal (14).

Now referring primarily to FIG. 28 and FIG. 29A, the external ear canalpressure regulation device (1) can further include a fluid flowtemperature regulator (78) fluidicly coupled to the first fluid flow (8)and the second fluid flow (20). The fluid flow temperature regulator(78) can be operable to regulate a fluid flow temperature (79) of thefirst fluid flow (8) or the second fluid flow (19), adjusting the fluidflow temperature (79) of the first fluid flow (8) or adjusting the fluidflow temperature (79) of the second fluid flow (20) to lesser or greaterthan a body temperature (80). Typically, the fluid flow temperature (79)can be in a range of between 10 degrees Celsius to about 50 degreesCelsius; however, embodiments can have a lesser or greater fluid flowtemperature (79) depending upon the application.

Now referring primarily to FIG. 28 and FIG. 40, as to particularembodiments of the external ear canal pressure regulation device (1)having the configuration shown in FIG. 27 through FIG. 35, to generate afirst pressure differential (9) in the first external ear canal (5) andregulate a fluid flow temperature (79) of the second fluid flow (20) inthe second external ear canal (14), valves V1, V3L, V3R, V4, and 1R canbe in the open condition and valves V2, V5, V6, and 1L can be in theclosed condition. As to other particular embodiments, to generate asecond pressure differential (17) in the second external ear canal (14)and regulate a first fluid flow temperature (79) of the first fluid flow(8) in the first external ear canal (5), valves V2, V3R, V3L, V5, and 1Lcan be in the open condition and valves V1, V4, V6, and 1R can be in theclosed condition.

Now referring primarily to FIG. 28, the external ear canal pressureregulation device (1) can further include a third fluid flow generator(81) capable of generating a third fluid flow (82) having a third fluidflow rate (83) in a range of between 0 to about 10 liters per minute. Asto particular embodiments, the third fluid flow generator (81) can besimilar to the first and second fluid flow generators (2)(19) describedabove. As to particular embodiments, the fluid flow temperatureregulator (78) can be fluidicly coupled to the third fluid flowgenerator (81), which can operate to regulate a third fluid flowtemperature (84) of the third fluid flow (82). The third fluid flowgenerator (81) can be fluidicly coupled to the first and second axialearpiece conduits (4)(13), allowing the third fluid flow generator (81)to generate a third fluid flow (82) having a third fluid flowtemperature (84) which can be delivered to the first and second externalear canals (5)(14) by the corresponding first and second axial earpiececonduits (4)(13).

Typically, the third fluid flow temperature (84) can be in a range ofbetween 10 degrees Celsius to about 50 degrees Celsius; however,embodiments can have a lesser or greater third fluid flow temperature(84) depending upon the application. As to particular embodiments, thethird fluid flow temperature (84) (or a third pre-selected fluid flowtemperature) can be selected from one or more of the group including orconsisting of: between about 10 degrees Celsius to about 20 degreesCelsius, between about 15 degrees Celsius to about 25 degrees Celsius,between about 20 degrees Celsius to about 30 degrees Celsius, betweenabout 25 degrees Celsius to about 35 degrees Celsius, between about 30degrees Celsius to about 40 degrees Celsius, between about 35 degreesCelsius to about 45 degrees Celsius, and between about 40 degreesCelsius to about 50 degrees Celsius.

One or a plurality of third fluid flow temperatures (84) (or thirdpre-selected fluid flow temperatures) can be generated with the externalear canal pressure regulation device (1) depending upon the method ofuse, which can be further influenced by factors such as user (33)anatomy, physiology, or biochemistry of the auditory meatus (34);disorder symptom targeted for alleviation; disorder targeted fortreatment; observable effect(s) of using one or a plurality of thirdfluid flow temperatures (84) (or third pre-selected fluid flowtemperatures) in a particular method of using the external ear canalpressure regulation device (1); or the like; or combinations thereof;whereby the one or the plurality of third fluid flow temperatures (84)(or third pre-selected fluid flow temperatures) can be effective toalleviate one or more disorder symptoms or treat one or more disorders,but not so much as to cause discomfort to the user (33) or injury to theauditory meatus (34) or the tympanic membrane (35).

Typically, the third fluid flow rate (83) can be in a range of between 0liters per minute to about 10 liters per minute; however, embodimentscan have a lesser or greater third fluid flow rate (83) depending uponthe application. As to particular embodiments, the third fluid flow rate(83) (or a third pre-selected fluid flow rate) can be selected from oneor more of the group including or consisting of: between about 0 litersper minute to about 2 liters per minute, between about 1 liter perminute to about 3 liters per minute, between about 2 liters per minuteto about 4 liters per minute, between about 3 liters per minute to about5 liters per minute, between about 4 liters per minute to about 6 litersper minute, between about 5 liters per minute to about 7 liters perminute, between about 6 liters per minute to about 8 liters per minute,between about 7 liters per minute to about 9 liters per minute, andbetween about 8 liters per minute to about 10 liters per minute.

One or a plurality of third fluid flow rates (83) (or third pre-selectedfluid flow rates) can be generated with the external ear canal pressureregulation device (1) depending upon the method of use, which can befurther influenced by factors such as user (33) anatomy, physiology, orbiochemistry of the auditory meatus (34); disorder symptom targeted foralleviation; disorder targeted for treatment; observable effect(s) ofusing one or a plurality of third fluid flow rates (83) (or thirdpre-selected fluid flow rates) in a particular method of using theexternal ear canal pressure regulation device (1); or the like; orcombinations thereof; whereby the one or the plurality of third fluidflow rates (83) can be in an amount effective to alleviate one or moredisorder symptoms or treat one or more disorders, but not so much as tocause discomfort to the user (33) or injury to the auditory meatus (34)or the tympanic membrane (35).

Now referring primarily to FIG. 28 and FIG. 29A, particular embodimentsof the external ear canal pressure regulation device (1) having a thirdfluid flow generator (81) can further include a first valved conduit(85) having a first valved conduit valve (86) which operably interruptsthe third fluid flow (82) to the first axial earpiece conduit (4). Inthe open condition, the first valved conduit valve (86) allows the thirdfluid flow (82) to flow from the third fluid flow generator (81) towardthe first axial earpiece conduit (4) and, accordingly, toward the firstexternal ear canal (5). In the closed condition, the first valvedconduit valve (86) precludes the third fluid flow (82) from flowing fromthe third fluid flow generator (81) toward the first axial earpiececonduit (4).

Again referring primarily to FIG. 28 and FIG. 29A, particularembodiments of the external ear canal pressure regulation device (1)having a third fluid flow generator (81) can further include a secondvalved conduit (87) having a second valved conduit valve (88) whichoperably interrupts the third fluid flow (82) to the second axialearpiece conduit (13). In the open condition, the second valved conduitvalve (88) allows the third fluid flow (82) to flow from the third fluidflow generator (81) toward the second axial earpiece conduit (13) and,accordingly, toward the second external ear canal (14). In the closedcondition, the second valved conduit valve (88) precludes the thirdfluid flow (82) from flowing from the third fluid flow generator (81)toward the second axial earpiece conduit (13).

Now referring primarily to FIG. 28 and FIG. 40, as to particularembodiments of the external ear canal pressure regulation device (1)having the configuration shown in FIG. 27 through FIG. 35, to generate athird fluid flow (82) having a third flow temperature (84) and a thirdfluid flow rate (83) in the first external ear canal (5) and the secondexternal ear canal (14), valves V3L, V3R, 1L, 1R, and V6 can be in theopen condition and valves V1, V2, V4, and V5 can be in the closedcondition. As to other particular embodiments, to only generate a thirdfluid flow (82) having a third flow temperature (84) and a third fluidflow rate (82) in the first external ear canal (5), valves V3L, 1L, andV6 can be in the open condition and valves V1, V2, V3R, V4, V5, and 1Rcan be in the closed condition. As to other particular embodiments, toonly generate a third fluid flow (82) having a third flow temperature(84) and a third fluid flow rate (83) in the second external ear canal(14), valves V3R, IR, and V6 can be in the open condition and valves V1,V2, V3L, V4, V5, and 1L can be in the closed condition.

Now referring primarily to FIG. 8, FIG. 9A, FIG. 28, and FIG. 29B,particular embodiments of the external ear canal pressure regulationdevice (1) can further include a manifold exhaust valve (89), which inthe open condition, can allow the first fluid flow (8) or the secondfluid flow (20) to egress from the fluid flow manifold (51) to theambient pressure (11), thereby relieving the first or the secondpressure differentials (9)(17).

Now referring primarily to FIG. 28 and FIG. 40, as to particularembodiments of the external ear canal pressure regulation device (1)having the configuration shown in FIG. 27 through FIG. 35, to exhaustthe fluid flow manifold (51), valve V6 can be in the open condition andvalves V1, V2, V3L, V3R, V4, V5, 1L, and 1R can be in the closedcondition.

Now referring generally to FIG. 1 through FIG. 8 and FIG. 11 throughFIG. 28, embodiments of the external ear canal pressure regulationdevice (1) can include a first or a second earpiece (3)(12) havingcompliant corresponding first or second earpiece external surface(7)(16) configured to correspondingly sealably engage a first or secondexternal ear canal (5)(14), thus acting as a corresponding first orsecond barrier (102)(103) between the corresponding first or secondexternal ear canal pressure (10)(18) and the ambient pressure (11).Embodiments of the first or second earpiece (3)(12) can be configured tosufficiently sealably engage with the first or second external ear canal(5)(14) to resist axial or lateral displacement in view of normalanatomical variations of the first or second external ear canal (5)(14)over a normal range of operating temperatures of between about 20° C.(about 68° F.) to about 50° C. (about 122° F.) and allow generation andmaintenance of a normal range of operating pressures of between about−50 kilopascals below the ambient pressure (11) to about +50 kilopascalsabove the ambient pressure (11).

Now referring primarily to FIG. 11 through FIG. 18, as to particularembodiments, the first or second earpieces (3)(12) of the external earcanal pressure regulation device (1) can be formed from a compliantmaterial which can correspondingly compressibly deform upon engagementwith the corresponding first or second external ear canals (5)(14),thereby allowing the first or second earpieces (3)(12) to sealablyconform to the corresponding first or second external ear canals(5)(14). As to these particular embodiments, the first or secondearpieces (3)(12) can be formed, molded, three-dimensionally printed, orotherwise fabricated from any of a numerous and wide variety ofmaterials capable of sealable engagement with the corresponding first orsecond external ear canals (5)(14), including or consisting of: asilicone, a foam (including polyurethane foam), a polyvinylsiloxane, alow durometer elastomer, or the like, or combinations thereof.

As to particular embodiments, the first or second earpieces (3)(12) canbe generally uniform, formed from one material, for example a lesserdurometer elastomer. As to other particular embodiments, the first orsecond earpieces (3)(12) can be formed from a plurality of layers, forexample an inner core layer having a greater durometer surrounded by anouter layer having a lesser durometer or an inner core layer having alesser durometer surrounded by an outer layer having a greaterdurometer.

As to particular embodiments, a portion of the first or second earpieceexternal surfaces (7)(16) can inwardly taper from an earpiece first end(92) approaching an earpiece second end (93). As an illustrative exampleof particular embodiments of this configuration, the first or secondearpiece external surfaces (7)(16) can be configured in the general formof a truncated cone inwardly tapering approaching the earpiece secondend (93). As to particular embodiments, the first or second earpieceexternal surfaces (7)(16) can further include a plurality ofcircumferential ribs disposed in spaced apart relation between theearpiece first end (92) and the earpiece second end (93).

The first or second earpiece external surfaces (7)(16) can remainsealably engaged with the corresponding first or second external earcanals (5)(14) by frictional forces between the first or second earpieceexternal surfaces (7)(16) and the corresponding first or second externalear canals (5)(14). As to particular embodiments, the first or secondearpiece external surfaces (7)(16) can remain engaged with thecorresponding first or second external ear canals (5)(14) by forcibleurging against the external ear canal pressure regulation device (1)during normal operation. As to other particular embodiments, a retentionelement (182) can be coupled to the earpiece (3)(12) or the external earcanal pressure regulation device (1), which can be worn within the ear(6)(15), about the ear (6), about the head (95), or about the neck (183)to assist with retention of the earpiece (3)(14) within the external earcanal (5)(14).

Now referring primarily to FIG. 11 through FIG. 18, a retention element(182) can be provided as a resiliently flexible member (182) coupledabout the earpiece (3)(14). As to particular embodiments, theresiliently flexible member (182) can be configured to be disposedwithin a concha area (183) of the ear (6)(15), which upon forcibleurging into the concha area (183), can assist in retaining the earpiece(3)(14) within the external ear canal (5)(14). As to particularembodiments, the resiliently flexible member (182) can be configured asan arcuate annular member (184) having a plurality of radially disposedspokes (185).

Now referring primarily to FIG. 8, FIG. 9B, FIG. 10, FIG. 19 throughFIG. 26, FIG. 28, and FIG. 29B, as to particular embodiments, theexternal ear canal pressure regulation device (1) can further include afourth fluid flow generator (96) capable of generating a fourth fluidflow (99). The fourth fluid flow generator (96) can be configuredsubstantially in the same manner as the first fluid flow generator (2)or the second fluid flow generator (19), as described above. A firstcoaxial earpiece conduit (97) can be disposed about the first axialearpiece conduit (4) and a second coaxial earpiece conduit (98) can bedisposed about the second axial earpiece conduit (13) (as to thoseembodiments which include a second axial earpiece conduit (13)). Thefirst and second coaxial earpiece conduits (4)(13) can be fluidiclycoupled to the fourth fluid flow generator (96). A first elastomersleeve (100) and a second elastomer sleeve (101) can be correspondinglydisposed about the first and second axial earpiece conduits (4)(13) toprovide the corresponding first and second earpiece external surfaces(7)(16) configured to correspondingly sealably engage the first andsecond external ear canals (5)(14) to provide the corresponding firstand second barriers (102)(103) between the corresponding first andsecond external ear canal pressures (10)(18) and the ambient pressure(11). The first and second elastomer sleeves (100)(101) can be fluidiclycoupled to the first and second coaxial earpiece conduits (97)(98). Thefourth fluid flow (99) in the first and second coaxial earpiece conduits(97)(98) can generate corresponding first and second coaxial earpiececonduit pressure differentials (104)(105) between corresponding firstand second coaxial earpiece conduit pressures (106)(107) and the ambientpressure (11). The first and second coaxial earpiece conduit pressuredifferentials (106)(107) can be capable of correspondingly expanding thefirst and second elastomer sleeves (100)(101) to correspondinglysealably engage the first and second external ear canals (5)(14).

Now referring primarily to FIG. 28 and FIG. 29B, particular embodimentsof the external ear canal pressure regulation device (1) having a fourthfluid flow generator (96) can further include a third valved conduit(108) having a third valved conduit valve (109) which operablyinterrupts the fourth fluid flow (99) to the first coaxial earpiececonduit (97). In the open condition, the third valved conduit valve(109) allows the fourth fluid flow (99) to flow from the fourth fluidflow generator (96) toward the first coaxial earpiece conduit (97) and,accordingly, toward the first elastomer sleeve (100). In the closedcondition, the third valved conduit valve (109) precludes the fourthfluid flow (99) from flowing from the fourth fluid flow generator (96)toward the first elastomer sleeve (100).

Again referring primarily to FIG. 28 and FIG. 29B, particularembodiments of the external ear canal pressure regulation device (1)having a fourth fluid flow generator (96) can further include a fourthvalved conduit (110) having a fourth valved conduit valve (111) whichoperably interrupts the fourth fluid flow (99) to the second coaxialearpiece conduit (98). In the open condition, the fourth valved conduitvalve (111) allows the fourth fluid flow (99) to flow from the fourthfluid flow generator (96) toward the second coaxial earpiece conduit(98) and, accordingly, toward the second elastomer sleeve (101). In theclosed condition, the fourth valved conduit valve (111) precludes thefourth fluid flow (99) from flowing from the fourth fluid flow generator(96) toward the second elastomer sleeve (101).

Now referring primarily to FIG. 28, the external ear canal pressureregulation device (1) can further include a fourth fluid flow generatorcontroller (112) which can control operation of the fourth fluid flowgenerator (96) to generate the first and second coaxial earpiece conduitpressure differentials (104)(105) between the corresponding first andsecond coaxial earpiece conduit pressures (106)(107) and the ambientpressure (11) to expand the corresponding first and second elastomersleeves (100)(101) to sealably engage the corresponding first and secondexternal ear canals (5)(14), thereby providing the corresponding firstand second barriers (102)(103) between the corresponding first andsecond external ear canal pressures (10)(18) and the ambient pressure(11).

Again referring primarily to FIG. 28, the external ear canal pressureregulation device (1) can further include a third pressure sensor (113)fluidicly coupled to the first coaxial earpiece conduit (97). The thirdpressure sensor (113) can generate a third pressure sensor signal (114)which varies based upon change in the first coaxial earpiece conduitpressure differential (104) between the first coaxial earpiece conduitpressure (106) and the ambient pressure (11).

Again referring primarily to FIG. 28, the external ear canal pressureregulation device (1) can further include a fourth pressure sensor (115)fluidicly coupled to the second coaxial earpiece conduit (98). Thefourth pressure sensor (115) can generate a fourth pressure sensorsignal (116) which varies based upon change in the second coaxialearpiece conduit pressure differential (105) between the second coaxialearpiece conduit pressure (107) and the ambient pressure (11).

Now referring primarily to FIG. 28, the external ear canal pressureregulation device (1) can further include a coaxial earpiece conduitpressure sensor signal analyzer (117) which functions to identify stablefirst and second coaxial earpiece conduit pressure differentials(104)(105) between the corresponding first and second coaxial earpiececonduit pressures (106)(107) and the ambient pressure (11). The coaxialearpiece conduit pressure sensor signal analyzer (117) can generate aseal signal (118) upon occurrence of the stable first and second coaxialearpiece conduit pressure differentials (104)(105).

Now referring primarily to FIG. 6, FIG. 8, FIG. 9A, and FIG. 28,particular embodiments of the external ear canal pressure regulationdevice (1) can further include an elastomer sleeve seal indicator (119)responsive to the seal signal (118). The elastomer sleeve seal indicator(119) can generate a sensorial perceivable indicia (120) upon receivingthe seal signal (118). The sensorial perceivable indicia (120) caninclude one or more of a sound indicia, a light indicia, a tactileindicia, or the like, or combinations thereof.

Now referring primarily to FIG. 28 and FIG. 29B, the external ear canalpressure regulation device (1) can further include third and fourthpressure relief valves (121)(122) correspondingly fluidicly coupled tothe first and second coaxial earpiece conduits (97)(98). In the opencondition, the third and fourth pressure relief valves (121)(122) cancorrespondingly relieve the first and second coaxial earpiece conduitpressure differentials (104)(105) between the corresponding first andsecond coaxial earpiece conduit pressures (106)(107) and the ambientpressure (11).

Now referring primarily to FIG. 8, the external ear canal pressureregulation device (1) can further include a pressure release selectionelement (123). The fourth fluid flow generator controller (112) can beresponsive to operation of the pressure release selection element (123)to curtail operation of the fourth fluid flow generator (96) and operatethe third and fourth pressure relief valves (121)(122) tocorrespondingly return the first and second coaxial earpiece conduitpressure differentials (104)(105) between the corresponding first andsecond coaxial earpiece conduit pressures (106)(107) and the ambientpressure (11) toward the ambient pressure (11) to contract thecorresponding first and second elastomer sleeves (100)(101).

Now referring primarily to FIG. 37A through FIG. 39E, which providegraphs of pressure regulation profiles (136) which can be administeredby embodiments of the external ear canal pressure regulation device (1)effective to alleviate one or more disorder symptoms or treat one ormore disorders. Each graph shows a pressure differential (9)(17) betweenthe external ear canal pressure (10)(18) and the ambient pressure (11)achieved over a time period (39). As to particular embodiments, a fluidflow generator (2)(19) can be operated to generate a fluid flow (8)(20)which egresses from an axial earpiece conduit (4)(13) toward an externalear canal (5)(14) over a time period (39), resulting in a positiveexternal ear canal pressure (10)(18) relative to the ambient pressure(11) (as shown in the examples of FIG. 37A through FIG. 37G). As toother particular embodiments, a fluid flow generator (2)(19) can beoperated to generate a fluid flow (8)(20) which ingresses to an axialearpiece conduit (4)(13) from an external ear canal (5)(14) toward thefluid flow generator (2)(19) over a time period (39), resulting in anegative external ear canal pressure (10)(18) relative to the ambientpressure (11) (as shown in the examples of FIG. 38A through FIG. 38G).

Now referring primarily to FIG. 37A and FIG. 38A, the fluid flowgenerator (2)(19) can be operated to maintain a constant external earcanal pressure (10)(18) over a time period (39). As to particularembodiments, a constant external ear canal pressure (10)(18) can bemaintained as a fluid volume (21) within the external ear canal (5)(14)over the time period (39) without (or substantially without) a fluidflow (8)(20). As an illustrative example, the external ear canalpressure regulation device (1) having an earpiece external surface(7)(16) sealably engaged within an external ear canal (5)(14), asdescribed above, can be operated by control of the fluid flow generator(2)(19) to generate a fluid flow (2)(19) having a fluid volume (21) or apre-selected fluid volume (22) between the fluid flow generator (2)(19)and the external ear canal (5)(14) through the axial earpiece conduit(4)(13) of the earpiece (3)(12) to achieve a pressure differential(9)(17) between the external ear canal pressure (10)(18) and the ambientpressure (11). Once the desired fluid volume (21) or pre-selected fluidvolume (22) establishes a pressure differential (9)(17), the pressuredifferential (9)(17) can be maintained for a time period (39) without orsubstantially without additional fluid flow (8)(20) due to sealableengagement of the earpiece external surface (7)(16) with the externalear canal (5)(14). As to other embodiments, once the desired pressuredifferential (9)(17) has been achieved, the pressure differential(9)(17) can be maintained for a time period (39) by additional fluidflow (8)(20) to or from the external ear canal (5)(14) to offset leakageabout engagement of the earpiece external surface (7)(16) with theexternal ear canal (5)(14). As to other embodiments, the external earcanal pressure (10)(18) can be maintained for a time period (39) bycontinuous fluid flow (8)(20) to the external ear canal (5)(14).

Regardless of the method, the external ear canal pressure (10)(18) canbe maintained constant over a time period (39) in a range of betweenabout +50 kilopascals above the ambient pressure (11) to about −50kilopascals below the ambient pressure (11) to alleviate one or moredisorders symptom or treat one or more disorders. A positive externalear canal pressure (10)(18) relative to the ambient pressure (11) can beachieved by maintaining the external ear canal pressure (10)(18) in arange of between about 0 kilopascals to about +50 kilopascals above theambient pressure (11). Alternatively, a negative external ear canalpressure (10)(18) relative to the ambient pressure (11) can be achievedby maintaining the external ear canal pressure (10)(18) in a range ofbetween about −50 kilopascals to about 0 kilopascals below the ambientpressure (11).

Now referring primarily to FIG. 37B through FIG. 37G, FIG. 38B throughFIG. 38G, and FIG. 39A through FIG. 39E, the fluid flow generator(2)(19) can be configured to generate a fluid flow (8)(20) having apressure differential wave (124) defining for each instant in the timeperiod (39) a pre-selected pressure differential amplitude (37)(67) anda pre-selected pressure differential amplitude oscillation frequency(49)(180). As to particular embodiments, the fluid flow generator(2)(19) can be operated to generate a fluid flow (8)(20) which egressesfrom the axial earpiece conduit (4)(13) toward the external ear canal(5)(14) over a time period (39) having a pressure differential wave(124) including a pre-selected pressure differential amplitude (37)(67)and a pre-selected pressure differential amplitude oscillation frequency(49)(180) which results in a positive external ear canal pressure(10)(18) relative to the ambient pressure (11) (as shown in the examplesof FIG. 37B through FIG. 37G).

As to other particular embodiments, the fluid flow generator (2)(19) canbe operated to generate a fluid flow (8)(20) which ingresses to theaxial earpiece conduit (4)(13) from the external ear canal (5)(14)toward the fluid flow generator (2)(19) over a time period (29) having apressure differential wave (124) including a pre-selected pressuredifferential amplitude (37)(67) and a pre-selected pressure differentialamplitude oscillation frequency (49)(180) which results in a negativeexternal ear canal pressure (10)(18) relative to the ambient pressure(11) (as shown in the examples of FIG. 38B through FIG. 38G).

As to other particular embodiments, a fluid flow generator (2)(19) canbe operated to generate a fluid flow (8)(20) which can alternate betweenegress from the axial earpiece conduit (4)(13) toward the external earcanal (5)(14) and ingress to the axial earpiece conduit (4)(13) from theexternal ear canal (5)(14) toward the fluid flow generator (2)(19) overa time period (39) having a pressure differential wave (124) including apre-selected pressure differential amplitude (37)(67) and a pre-selectedpressure differential amplitude oscillation frequency (49)(180) whichresults in generating an external ear canal pressure (10)(18) whichalternates between positive and a negative external ear canal pressure(10)(18) relative to the ambient pressure (11) (as shown in the examplesof FIG. 39A through FIG. 39E).

As to other particular embodiments, the pressure differential wave (124)can oscillate with a pre-selected pressure differential amplitudeoscillation frequency (49)(180) within a pre-selected pressuredifferential amplitude (37)(67) in a range of between 0 kilopascals toabout +50 kilopascals above the ambient pressure (11) (as shown in theexamples of FIG. 37B through FIG. 37G).

As to yet other particular embodiments, the pressure differential wave(124) can oscillate with a pre-selected pressure differential amplitudeoscillation frequency (49)(180) in a range of between about −50kilopascals to 0 kilopascals below the ambient pressure (11)(as shown inthe examples of FIG. 38B through FIG. 38G).

Again referring primarily to FIG. 37B through FIG. 37G, FIG. 38B throughFIG. 38G, and FIG. 39A through FIG. 39E, the pressure differential wave(124) can have a numerous and wide variety of waveforms, depending uponthe application, corresponding to the numerous and wide variety ofdisorder symptoms which can be alleviated or disorders which can betreated by operation of the external ear canal pressure regulationdevice (1). As illustrative examples, the pressure differential wave(124) can be sine wave having smooth repetitive periodic oscillations(as shown in the example of FIG. 37B, FIG. 38B, and FIG. 39A), a squarewave in which the pressure differential wave (124) alternates at asteady frequency between fixed minimum and maximum values, a rectangularwave, a trapezoidal wave or a truncated wave in which the apex of thepressure differential wave (124) has a constant pre-selected pressuredifferential amplitude (37)(67) over a time period (39) (as shown in theexample of FIG. 37C, FIG. 37F, FIG. 38C, FIG. 38F, and FIG. 39B), atriangle wave having linear leading and trailing edges (as shown in theexample of FIG. 37D, FIG. 38D, and FIG. 39C), a sawtooth wave in whichthe leading edge has a pre-selected pressure differential amplitude(37)(67) which changes over a greater time period (39) as compared tothe trailing edge (as shown in the example of FIG. 37E and FIG. 39D), areverse sawtooth wave in which the leading edge changes pre-selectedpressure differential amplitude (37)(67) over a lesser time period (39)as compared to the trailing edge (as shown in the example of FIG. 37Eand FIG. 39E), or combinations thereof (as shown in the example of FIG.37G and FIG. 38G).

Now referring primarily to FIG. 6, FIG. 7, FIG. 9A, FIG. 9B, and FIG.29A through FIG. 35, as to particular embodiments, the external earcanal pressure regulation device (1) can further include a housing (125)having a housing internal surface (126) defining a hollow internal space(127) in which components of the external ear canal pressure regulationdevice (1) can be housed.

While the fluid flow generators (2)(19) of the external ear canalpressure regulation device (1) above described typically deliver a fluidflow (8)(20) of air to the external ear canal (5)(14) to achieve thepressure differential (9)(17) between the external ear canal pressure(10)(18) and the ambient pressure (11), this is not intended to belimiting with respect to the wide variety of fluids which can bedelivered to the external ear canal (5)(14) by embodiments of theexternal ear canal pressure regulation device (1). As illustrativeexamples, the wide variety of fluids can include: a purified gas, suchas oxygen, nitrogen, argon, or the like; a mixture of partial pressuresof gases; a liquid, such as water, oil, alcohol, or the like; orcombinations thereof.

Additionally, while the fluid flow (8)(20)(82)(99) (or other fluidflows) or the transfer of a fluid volume (21)(22) between components ofthe external ear canal pressure regulation device (1), betweencomponents of the external ear canal pressure regulation device (1) andthe external ear canal (5)(14), or between components of the externalear canal pressure regulation device (1) and the ambient pressure (11)can be above described as typically between a first point and a secondpoint for the purpose of brevity, the fluid flow (8)(20)(82)(99) (orother fluid flows) or the transfer of a fluid volume (21)(22) includesall points within the manifold fluid flow path (54) between the firstpoint and the second point.

Now referring primarily to FIG. 8 and FIG. 28, embodiment of theexternal ear canal pressure regulation device (1) can further include acontroller (128). The controller (128), as to particular embodiments,can take the form of a single integrated circuit (129) containing aprocessor (130) in communication with a memory element (131). The memoryelement (131) can be in the form of a non-volatile computer storagemedium that can be erased and reprogrammed and as to particularembodiments a random access memory for data storage. The memory element(131) can contain a computer code (132) executable to provide specifiedfunctions or combinations of steps for performing the specifiedfunctions to operate the various components of the external ear canalpressure regulation device (1) in accordance with embodiments of theinvention above described.

The block diagrams and flowchart illustrations shown in FIG. 8 and FIG.28 support combinations of elements for performing the specifiedfunctions, combinations of steps for performing the specified functions,and executable program elements for performing the specified functions.It will also be understood that each functional block of the blockdiagrams and flowchart illustrations, and combinations of functionalblocks in the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations, can beimplemented by either special purpose hardware-based computer systemswhich perform the specified functions or steps, or suitable combinationsof special purpose hardware and computer instructions.

Now referring primarily to FIG. 8, the computer code (132) can include afirst fluid flow generator controller (41) which can be executed totransform a pressure differential amplitude selection signal (133)received from the first fluid pressure differential amplitude selectionelement (40) to correspondingly control the first fluid flow generator(2) to produce the first fluid flow (8) which egresses from the firstaxial earpiece conduit (4). As to particular embodiments, the firstfluid flow generator controller (41) increases or decreases the firstfluid flow (8) based on variation in the pressure differential amplitudeselection signal (133). As to other embodiments, the first fluidpressure differential amplitude selection element (40) can be used toselect a pre-selected fluid volume (22) and the first fluid flowgenerator controller (41) can correspondingly control the first fluidflow generator (2) to deliver the pre-selected fluid volume (22), asabove described.

As to particular embodiments of the external ear canal pressureregulation device (1), which include a first pressure sensor (56), thecomputer code (132) can further include a first pressure sensor signalanalyzer (58) executable to provide a first pressure differentialamplitude comparator (59) which functions to compare a firstpre-selected pressure differential amplitude (37) selected by userinteraction with the pressure differential amplitude selection element(40) to the first pressure differential amplitude (36) sensed in thefirst axial earpiece conduit (4). The first pressure sensor signalanalyzer (58) can be further executed to provide a first pressuredifferential amplitude compensation signal (60) which varies based uponthe difference between the first pre-selected pressure differentialamplitude (37) and the sensed first pressure differential amplitude(36). The first fluid flow generator controller (41) can be responsiveto the first pressure differential amplitude compensation signal (60) tocontrol the first fluid flow generator (2) to achieve the firstpre-selected pressure differential amplitude (37).

Again referring primarily to FIG. 8, the first fluid flow generatorcontroller (41) can be further executed to transform a pressuredifferential amplitude oscillation frequency selection signal (134)received from the first pressure differential amplitude oscillationfrequency selection element (50) to correspondingly control the firstfluid flow generator (2) to produce a first pressure differentialamplitude oscillation (45) which reciprocally drives the first fluidflow (8) between a first fluid flow first direction (46) and a firstfluid flow second direction (47) in the first axial earpiece conduit(4).

As to particular embodiments, the first fluid flow generator controller(41) varies a first pressure differential amplitude oscillationfrequency (48) based on variation in the pressure differential amplitudeoscillation frequency selection signal (134). As to other embodiments,the first pressure differential amplitude oscillation frequencyselection element (50) can be used select a first pre-selected pressuredifferential amplitude oscillation frequency (49) and the first fluidflow generator controller (41) can correspondingly control the firstfluid flow generator (2) to deliver the first pre-selected pressuredifferential amplitude oscillation frequency (49) in the ranges as abovedescribed.

As to particular embodiments of the external ear canal pressureregulation device (1), which include the first pressure sensor (56), thefirst pressure sensor signal analyzer (58) can be further executable toprovide a first pressure differential amplitude oscillation frequencycomparator (61) which functions to compare a first pre-selected pressuredifferential amplitude frequency (49) selected by user interaction withthe first pressure differential amplitude oscillation frequencyselection element (50) to the first pressure differential amplitudeoscillation frequency (48) sensed in the first axial earpiece conduit(4). The first pressure sensor signal analyzer (58) can be furtherexecuted to provide a first pressure differential amplitude oscillationfrequency compensation signal (62) which varies based upon thedifference between the first pre-selected pressure differentialamplitude oscillation frequency (49) and the sensed first pressuredifferential amplitude oscillation frequency (48). The first fluid flowgenerator controller (41) can be responsive to the first pressuredifferential amplitude compensation signal (62) to control the firstfluid flow generator (2) to achieve the first pre-selected pressuredifferential frequency (49).

With respect to particular embodiments of the first fluid flow generator(2) as shown by the illustrative examples of FIG. 8 and FIG. 9B, thefirst fluid flow generator controller (41) can indirectly control thefunction of first fluid flow generator (2) by controlling the movementof a linear actuator (30) coupled to a piston (26) movable within abarrel (27), as above described.

With respect to particular embodiments as shown the illustrativeexamples of FIG. 28, FIG. 29A, and FIG. 29B, the external ear canalpressure regulation device (1) can include a first fluid flow generator(2) which operates to deliver a first fluid flow (8) to the first axialearpiece conduit (4) and a second fluid flow generator (19) whichoperates to deliver a discrete second fluid flow (20) to the secondaxial earpiece conduit (13) sensed by a second pressure sensor (68), asabove described. Correspondingly, the computer code (132) can furtherinclude a second fluid flow generator controller (73) and a secondpressure sensor signal analyzer (70) including a second pressuredifferential amplitude comparator (71) and a second pressuredifferential amplitude oscillation frequency comparator (135), each ofwhich can function to control operation of the second fluid flowgenerator (19), as above described for the first fluid flow generator(2), which allows independent control of a second pressure differentialamplitude (63) and second pressure differential amplitude oscillationfrequency (64) in the second axial earpiece conduit (13).

Again referring primarily to FIG. 28, FIG. 29A, and FIG. 29B, the firstfluid flow generator (2) and the second fluid flow generator (19) caneach include a positive fluid flow generator (76) and a negative fluidflow generator (77) each discretely controllable to achieve the a firstand second pressure differential amplitudes (36)(63) and first andsecond pressure differential amplitude oscillation frequencies (48)(64).Accordingly, the first and second fluid flow generator controllers(41)(73) can be executed to discretely control each positive fluid flowgenerator (76) and each negative fluid flow generator (77) of the firstand second fluid flow generators (2)(19) to achieve the first and secondpressure differential amplitudes (36)(63) and first and second pressuredifferential amplitude oscillation frequencies (48)(64).

Now referring primarily to FIG. 28, FIG. 37A through FIG. 37G, FIG. 38Athrough FIG. 38G, and FIG. 39A through FIG. 39E, particular embodimentsof the computer code (132) further include a timer module (137)responsive to a time period selection element (190) and a pressureregulation profile administration module (138) responsive to a pressureregulation profile selection element (139) which allows selection of oneof a plurality of pressure regulation profiles (136) contained in thememory element (131), as above described and as shown in the Figures, oras otherwise programmed and contained in the memory element (131). Thepressure regulation profile administration module (138) functions tocoordinate operation of the first and second fluid flow generators(2)(19) to achieve the first or second pre-selected pressuredifferential amplitudes (37)(67) corresponding to each time point withina time period (39) of the selected one of the plurality of pressureregulation profiles (136).

Now referring primarily to FIG. 8 and FIG. 28, as to particularembodiments, the computer code (132) can further include a fluid flowtemperature regulator controller (140) which functions to control thefluid temperature regulator (78) to adjust fluid flow temperature (79)of the first or second fluid flows (8)(20). As to the illustrativeembodiment shown in FIG. 8, the fluid flow temperature regulatorcontroller (140) actuates the fluid flow temperature regulator (78) toincrease fluid flow temperature (78) of the first fluid flow (8) for atime period (39) upon actuation of the first fluid flow generator (2).

As to the illustrative embodiment shown in FIG. 28, the fluid flowtemperature regulator controller (140) can be executed to transform afluid flow temperature selection signal (141) received from a fluid flowtemperature selection element (142) to correspondingly control the fluidflow temperature regulator (78) to adjust the fluid flow temperature(79) of a third fluid flow (82) within a range of about a range of 10°C. and 50° C., as above described. As to these embodiments, the computercode (132) can further include a third fluid flow controller (143) whichfunctions to control the third fluid flow (82) from a third fluid flowgenerator (81) to a third fluid flow rate (83) of between 0 and about 10liters per minute, as above described.

Now referring to primarily to FIG. 8 and FIG. 28, the computer code(132) can further include a fourth fluid flow generator controller (112)executable to control the fourth fluid flow generator (96), as abovedescribed, to expand a first elastomer sleeve (100) or a secondelastomer sleeve (101) correspondingly fluidicly coupled to the first orsecond coaxial earpiece conduit (97)(98) to correspondingly sealablyengage the first or second external ear canal (5)(14) to provide thecorresponding first or second barrier (102)(103) between thecorresponding first or second external ear canal pressure (10)(18) andthe ambient pressure (11). As to these embodiments, the computer code(132) can further include a coaxial earpiece conduit pressure sensorsignal analyzer (117) executable to identify stable first and secondcoaxial earpiece conduit pressure differentials (104)(105) between thecorresponding first and second coaxial earpiece conduit pressures(106)(107) and the ambient pressure (11). The third pressure sensorsignal analyzer (117) can generate a seal signal (118) upon occurrenceof the stable first and second coaxial earpiece conduit pressuredifferentials (104)(105) to generate the sensorial perceivable indicia(120), as above described. As these embodiments, the computer code (132)can further include a seal release module (144) executable in responseto operation of a seal release selection element (145) to operate thepressure relief valve (121)(122), as above described.

Now referring primarily to FIG. 40, the computer code (132) furtherincludes a valve control module (146) executable to actuate one or moreof the valves (52) depending on a selected method of administering fluidflow (8)(20)(82)(99) within embodiments of the external ear canalpressure regulation device (1), as above described.

Now referring primarily to FIGS. 28 and 32, particular embodimentsfurther include a graphical display surface (147) and the computerprogram (132) can further include a graphical user interface module(148) which can be executed to depict a graphical user interface (149)on the graphical display surface (147). The graphical user interface(149) by user interaction can execute functions of the computer code(132) to operate the external ear canal pressure regulation device (1).While user interaction will typically be in the form of a touch by theuser (33) on a control image (150) depicted the graphical displaysurface (147), this illustrative example is not intended to preclude anycommand by a user (33) by which a function of the computer code (132)can be activated, executed or performed whether through selection of oneor a plurality of control image(s) (150), or by user voice command,keyboard stroke, mouse button, or otherwise.

Now referring primarily to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, particular embodiments canfurther include a computer device (151) discrete from the external earcanal pressure regulation device (1). The term “computer device (151)”means for the purpose of this invention any device adapted to receivethe computer code (132) or receive a machine readable medium (152)containing the computer code (132), or includes a computer processor(153) in communication with a computer memory element (154) adapted tocommunicate with the external ear canal pressure regulation device (1),or downloads the computer code (132) through a wide area network (155),such as the Internet (156), or one or more local area networks (157)into a computer memory element (154) in communication with the computerprocessor (153). The computer device (151) can, as to particularembodiments, take the form of a limited-capability computer designedspecifically for receiving the machine readable medium (152) in the formof a computer memory element (154) containing the computer code (132);however, other embodiments can take the form of set-top boxes,intelligent televisions connected to receive data through anentertainment medium such as a cable television network or a digitalsatellite broadcast, hand-held devices such as smart phones, slate orpad computers, personal digital assistants or camera/cell telephones, ormultiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based or programmable consumerelectronics, network personal computers, minicomputers, mainframecomputers, or the like.

Again referring primarily to FIGS. 1 and 2, the computer device (151)can encompass one computer device or a plurality of computer devices,each of which can be operated by a user (33) to control one or aplurality of external ear canal pressure regulation devices (1). Theuser (33) can be a person, a plurality of persons, a business entity, orotherwise, can access to the computer device (151) to retrieve in acommon format for display the graphic user interface (149) on computergraphical display surface (147).

As to particular embodiments, the controller (128) of the external earcanal pressure regulation device (1) can further include a communicationcontroller (158) which can include a transceiver (159) associated withan antenna (160) to send and receive communication signals (161) to andfrom the computer device (151). As to particular embodiments thecommunication controller (158) can be a BLUETOOTH controller (forexample a Texas Instruments CC2540 BLUETOOTH System-on-Chip) includingthe associated BLUETOOTH transceiver and BLUETOOTH antenna. As toparticular embodiments, the communication controller (158) can be aWi-Fi controller and the associated Wi-Fi receiver and Wi-Fi antenna.

Now referring primarily to FIGS. 36A and 36B, an illustrative example ofa graphical user interface (149) can include a mode selection list (162)which by user interaction allows selection of one or a plurality of: afirst ear control image (163), a second ear control image (164), or botha first and second ear control image (165) which by user interactionselects administration of a first fluid flow (8) or a second fluid flow(20) or both a first and second fluid flow (8)(20) to the correspondingfirst and second axial earpiece conduits (4)(13); a pressure regulationprofile control image (166) which by user interaction causes depictionof a list of selectable pressure regulation profile icons (167)(as shownin the example of FIG. 36B) which by user interaction allows selectionof one of a plurality of pressure regulation profiles (136) to beadministered, an external ear canal pressure differential amplitudecontrol image (168) which by user interaction causes depiction of a listof selectable pressure differential amplitude control images which byuser interaction allows selection of a pre-selected pressuredifferential amplitude (37), an external ear canal pressure differentialfrequency control image (170) which by user interaction causes depictionof a list of selectable pressure differential amplitude oscillationfrequency control images which by user interaction allows selection ofan pre-selected pressure differential amplitude oscillation frequency(49), a time period control image (172) which by user interaction causesdepiction of a list of selectable time period control images which byuser interaction allows selection of a time period (39) foradministration or treatment, or a temperature regulation control icon(174) which by user interaction causes depiction of a list of selectablefluid flow temperatures and temperature-regulated flow rates which byuser interaction selects administration of a fluid flow temperature (79)at a fluid flow rate (83).

Now referring primarily to FIGS. 8 and 28, embodiments of the externalear canal pressure regulation device (1) can further include a powersource (177) which can be one or a combination of a transformed power(178) such as 110 volt alternating current transformed to 12 volt directcurrent or a power cell (179) such as a 12 volt direct current battery.

A method of producing particular embodiments of the external ear canalpressure regulation device (1) can include providing a first fluid flowgenerator (2) capable of generating a first fluid flow (8); andproviding a first earpiece (3) having a first axial earpiece conduit (4)which communicates between a first earpiece first end (92) and a firstearpiece second end (93). The first axial earpiece conduit (4) can becapable of fluidicly coupling to the first fluid flow generator (2). Thefirst earpiece (3) can have a first compliant earpiece external surface(7) configured to sealably engage a first external ear canal (5) of afirst ear (6) as a first barrier (102) between a first external earcanal pressure (10) and an ambient pressure (11).

The method of producing particular embodiments of the external ear canalpressure regulation device (1) can further include providing additionalcomponents of the external ear canal pressure regulation device (1) asabove described.

As can be easily understood from the foregoing, the basic concepts ofthe present invention may be embodied in a variety of ways. Theinvention involves numerous and varied embodiments of an external earcanal pressure regulation device and methods for making and using suchexternal ear canal pressure regulation devices including the best mode.

As such, the particular embodiments or elements of the inventiondisclosed by the description or shown in the figures or tablesaccompanying this application are not intended to be limiting, butrather exemplary of the numerous and varied embodiments genericallyencompassed by the invention or equivalents encompassed with respect toany particular element thereof. In addition, the specific description ofa single embodiment or element of the invention may not explicitlydescribe all embodiments or elements possible; many alternatives areimplicitly disclosed by the description and figures.

It should be understood that each element of an apparatus or each stepof a method may be described by an apparatus term or method term. Suchterms can be substituted where desired to make explicit the implicitlybroad coverage to which this invention is entitled. As but one example,it should be understood that all steps of a method may be disclosed asan action, a means for taking that action, or as an element which causesthat action. Similarly, each element of an apparatus may be disclosed asthe physical element or the action which that physical elementfacilitates. As but one example, the disclosure of a “fluid flow” shouldbe understood to encompass disclosure of the act of “flowingfluid”—whether explicitly discussed or not—and, conversely, were thereeffectively disclosure of the act of “flowing fluid”, such a disclosureshould be understood to encompass disclosure of a “fluid flow” and evena “means for flowing fluid.” Such alternative terms for each element orstep are to be understood to be explicitly included in the description.

In addition, as to each term used it should be understood that unlessits utilization in this application is inconsistent with suchinterpretation, common dictionary definitions should be understood toincluded in the description for each term as contained in the RandomHouse Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, second edition, each definitionhereby incorporated by reference.

All numeric values herein are assumed to be modified by the term“about”, whether or not explicitly indicated. For the purposes of thepresent invention, ranges may be expressed as from “about” oneparticular value to “about” another particular value. When such a rangeis expressed, another embodiment includes from the one particular valueto the other particular value. The recitation of numerical ranges byendpoints includes all the numeric values subsumed within that range. Anumerical range of one to five includes for example the numeric values1, 1.5, 2, 2.75, 3, 3.80, 4, 5, and so forth. It will be furtherunderstood that the endpoints of each of the ranges are significant bothin relation to the other endpoint, and independently of the otherendpoint. When a value is expressed as an approximation by use of theantecedent “about,” it will be understood that the particular valueforms another embodiment. The term “about” generally refers to a rangeof numeric values that one of skill in the art would consider equivalentto the recited numeric value or having the same function or result.Similarly, the antecedent “substantially” means largely, but not wholly,the same form, manner or degree and the particular element will have arange of configurations as a person of ordinary skill in the art wouldconsider as having the same function or result. When a particularelement is expressed as an approximation by use of the antecedent“substantially,” it will be understood that the particular element formsanother embodiment.

Moreover, for the purposes of the present invention, the term “a” or“an” entity refers to one or more of that entity unless otherwiselimited. As such, the terms “a” or “an”, “one or more” and “at leastone” can be used interchangeably herein.

Thus, the applicant(s) should be understood to claim at least: i) eachof the external ear canal pressure regulation devices herein disclosedand described, ii) the related methods disclosed and described, iii)similar, equivalent, and even implicit variations of each of thesedevices and methods, iv) those alternative embodiments which accomplisheach of the functions shown, disclosed, or described, v) thosealternative designs and methods which accomplish each of the functionsshown as are implicit to accomplish that which is disclosed anddescribed, vi) each feature, component, and step shown as separate andindependent inventions, vii) the applications enhanced by the varioussystems or components disclosed, viii) the resulting products producedby such systems or components, ix) methods and apparatuses substantiallyas described hereinbefore and with reference to any of the accompanyingexamples, x) the various combinations and permutations of each of theprevious elements disclosed.

The background section of this patent application provides a statementof the field of endeavor to which the invention pertains. This sectionmay also incorporate or contain paraphrasing of certain United Statespatents, patent applications, publications, or subject matter of theclaimed invention useful in relating information, problems, or concernsabout the state of technology to which the invention is drawn toward. Itis not intended that any United States patent, patent application,publication, statement or other information cited or incorporated hereinbe interpreted, construed or deemed to be admitted as prior art withrespect to the invention.

The claims set forth in this specification, if any, are herebyincorporated by reference as part of this description of the invention,and the applicant expressly reserves the right to use all of or aportion of such incorporated content of such claims as additionaldescription to support any of or all of the claims or any element orcomponent thereof, and the applicant further expressly reserves theright to move any portion of or all of the incorporated content of suchclaims or any element or component thereof from the description into theclaims or vice-versa as necessary to define the matter for whichprotection is sought by this application or by any subsequentapplication or continuation, division, or continuation-in-partapplication thereof, or to obtain any benefit of, reduction in feespursuant to, or to comply with the patent laws, rules, or regulations ofany country or treaty, and such content incorporated by reference shallsurvive during the entire pendency of this application including anysubsequent continuation, division, or continuation-in-part applicationthereof or any reissue or extension thereon.

Additionally, the claims set forth in this specification, if any, arefurther intended to describe the metes and bounds of a limited number ofthe preferred embodiments of the invention and are not to be construedas the broadest embodiment of the invention or a complete listing ofembodiments of the invention that may be claimed. The applicant does notwaive any right to develop further claims based upon the description setforth above as a part of any continuation, division, orcontinuation-in-part, or similar application.

The invention claimed is:
 1. An external ear canal pressure regulationdevice comprising: a first barrier adapted to be positioned at a firstlocation between a first external ear canal pressure within a firstexternal ear canal of a user and an ambient pressure; a first fluid flowgenerator which generates a first fluid flow, said first fluid flowgenerator configured relative to the first barrier for producing a firstpressure differential between said first external ear canal pressurewithin said first external ear canal and said ambient pressure when thefirst barrier is at the first location, said first pressure differentialcomprising a first pressure differential amplitude; a first pressuresensor which generates a first pressure sensor signal which varies basedupon change in said first pressure differential amplitude; and a firstpressure sensor signal analyzer comprising: a first pressuredifferential amplitude comparator which compares a pre-selected firstpressure differential amplitude to said first pressure differentialamplitude, said first pressure sensor signal analyzer generating a firstpressure differential amplitude compensation signal to which a firstfluid flow generator controller is responsive to control said firstfluid flow generator to achieve said pre-selected first pressuredifferential amplitude.
 2. The device of claim 1, wherein said firstpressure differential amplitude is in a range of between 0 kilopascalsto about 50 kilopascals.
 3. The device of claim 2, wherein saidpre-selected first pressure differential amplitude is in a range ofbetween 0 kilopascals to about 50 kilopascals.
 4. The device of claim 3,further comprising: a first pressure differential amplitude selectionelement, said first fluid flow generator controller responsive tooperation of said first pressure differential amplitude selectionelement to regulate operation of said first fluid flow generator toachieve said pre-selected first pressure differential amplitude.
 5. Thedevice of claim 1, wherein said first pressure differential furthercomprises a first pressure differential amplitude oscillation frequency.6. The device of claim 5, wherein said first pressure sensor signalanalyzer further comprises a first pressure differential amplitudeoscillation frequency comparator which compares a pre-selected firstpressure differential amplitude oscillation frequency to said firstpressure differential amplitude oscillation frequency, said firstpressure sensor signal analyzer generating a first pressure differentialamplitude oscillation frequency compensation signal to which said firstfluid flow generator controller is responsive to control said firstfluid flow generator to achieve said pre-selected first pressuredifferential amplitude oscillation frequency.
 7. The device of claim 6,wherein said first pressure differential amplitude oscillation frequencyis in a range of between 0 Hertz to about 10 Hertz.
 8. The device ofclaim 7, wherein said pre-selected first pressure differential amplitudeoscillation frequency is in a range of between 0 Hertz to about 10Hertz.
 9. The device of claim 8, further comprising a first pressuredifferential amplitude oscillation frequency selection element, saidfirst fluid flow generator controller responsive to operation of saidfirst pressure differential amplitude oscillation frequency selectionelement to regulate operation of said first fluid flow generator toachieve said pre-selected first pressure differential amplitudeoscillation frequency.
 10. The device of claim 1, further comprising afirst pressure relief valve fluidicly coupled to said first fluid flowto relieve said first pressure differential in excess of apre-determined first pressure differential having a pre-determined firstpressure differential amplitude of between 0 kilopascals to about 50kilopascals.
 11. The device of claim 1, further comprising a first fluidflow temperature regulator fluidicly coupled to said first fluid flow,said first fluid flow temperature regulator operable to regulate a firstfluid flow temperature of said first fluid flow.
 12. The device of claim1, further comprising a second barrier adapted to be positioned at asecond location between a second external ear canal pressure within asecond external ear canal of the user and said ambient pressure, whereinsaid first fluid flow generator is further configured relative to thesecond barrier for producing a second pressure differential between saidsecond external ear canal pressure within said second external ear canaland said ambient pressure when the second barrier is at the secondlocation, said second pressure differential having a second pressuredifferential amplitude, said second pressure differential similar tosaid first pressure differential, said second pressure differentialamplitude similar to said first pressure differential amplitude.
 13. Thedevice of claim 12, wherein said first pressure differential furthercomprises a first pressure differential amplitude oscillation frequency,and wherein said second pressure differential further comprises a secondpressure differential amplitude oscillation frequency which is similarto said first pressure differential amplitude-oscillation frequency. 14.The device of claim 1, further comprising: a second barrier adapted tobe positioned at a second location between a second external ear canalpressure within a second external ear canal of the user and said ambientpressure; a second fluid flow generator which generates a second fluidflow, the second fluid flow generator configured relative to the secondbarrier for producing a second pressure differential between said secondexternal ear canal pressure within said second external ear canal andsaid ambient pressure when the second barrier is at the second location,said second pressure differential comprising a second pressuredifferential amplitude; a second pressure sensor which generates asecond pressure sensor signal which varies based upon change in saidsecond pressure differential amplitude; and a second pressure sensorsignal analyzer comprising: a second pressure differential amplitudecomparator which compares a pre-selected second pressure differentialamplitude to said second pressure differential amplitude, said secondpressure sensor signal analyzer generating a second pressuredifferential amplitude compensation signal to which a second fluid flowgenerator controller is responsive to control said second fluid flowgenerator to achieve said pre-selected second pressure differentialamplitude.
 15. The device of claim 14, wherein said second pressuredifferential amplitude is in a range of between 0 kilopascals to about50 kilopascals.
 16. The device of claim 15, wherein said pre-selectedsecond pressure differential amplitude is in a range of between 0kilopascals to about 50 kilopascals.
 17. The device of claim 16, furthercomprising: a second pressure differential amplitude selection element,said second fluid flow generator controller responsive to operation ofsaid second pressure differential amplitude selection element toregulate operation of said second fluid flow generator to achieve saidpre-selected second pressure differential amplitude.
 18. The device ofclaim 14, wherein said second pressure differential further comprises asecond pressure differential amplitude oscillation frequency.
 19. Thedevice of claim 18, wherein said second pressure sensor signal analyzerfurther comprises a second pressure differential amplitude oscillationfrequency comparator which compares a pre-selected second pressuredifferential amplitude oscillation frequency to said second pressuredifferential amplitude oscillation frequency, said second pressuresensor signal analyzer generating a second pressure differentialamplitude oscillation frequency compensation signal to which said secondfluid flow generator controller is responsive to control said secondfluid flow generator to achieve said pre-selected second pressuredifferential amplitude oscillation frequency.
 20. The device of claim19, wherein said second pressure differential amplitude oscillationfrequency is in a range of between 0 Hertz to about 10 Hertz.
 21. Thedevice of claim 20, wherein said pre-selected second pressuredifferential amplitude oscillation frequency is in a range of between 0Hertz to about 10 Hertz.
 22. The device of claim 21, further comprisinga second pressure differential amplitude oscillation frequency selectionelement, said second fluid flow generator controller responsive tooperation of said second pressure differential amplitude oscillationfrequency selection element to regulate operation of said second fluidflow generator to achieve said pre-selected second pressure differentialamplitude oscillation frequency.
 23. The device of claim 14, furthercomprising a second pressure relief valve fluidicly coupled to saidsecond fluid flow to relieve said second pressure differential in excessof a pre-determined second pressure differential having a pre-determinedsecond pressure differential amplitude of between 0 kilopascals to about50 kilopascals.
 24. The device of claim 14, further comprising a secondfluid flow temperature regulator fluidicly coupled to said second fluidflow, said second fluid flow temperature regulator operable to regulatea second fluid flow temperature of said second fluid flow.
 25. Thedevice of claim 14, wherein each of said first and second fluid flowgenerators comprises a pair of fluid flow generators, each of said pairof fluid flow generators including one positive pressure fluid flowgenerator which generates a positive pressure first or second fluid flowand one negative pressure fluid flow generator which generates anegative pressure first or second fluid flow.
 26. The device of claim 1,comprising a first earpiece configured to sealably engage the firstexternal ear canal to provide the first barrier between the firstexternal ear canal pressure and the ambient pressure.
 27. The device ofclaim 1, comprising a first earpiece fluidicly coupled to said firstfluid flow generator.
 28. The device of claim 27, wherein said firstearpiece is configured to be inserted into said first external earcanal.